Abstract:
:Stroke is not only a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide it also disproportionally affects women. There are currently over 500,000 more women stroke survivors in the US than men, and elderly women bear the brunt of stroke-related disability. Stroke has dropped to the fifth leading cause of death in men, but remains the third in women. This review discusses sex differences in common stroke risk factors, the efficacy of stroke prevention therapies, acute treatment responses, and post-stroke recovery in clinical populations. Women have an increased lifetime risk of stroke compared to men, largely due to a steep increase in stroke incidence in older postmenopausal women, yet most basic science studies continue to only evaluate young male animals. Women also have an increased lifetime prevalence of many common stroke risk factors, including hypertension and atrial fibrillation, as well as abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. None of these age-related risk factors have been well modeled in the laboratory. Evidence from the bench has implicated genetic and epigenetic factors, differential activation of cell-death programs, cell-cell signaling pathways, and systemic immune responses as contributors to sex differences in ischemic stroke. The most recent basic scientific findings have been summarized in this review, with an emphasis on factors that differ between males and females that are pertinent to stroke outcomes. Identification and understanding of the underlying biological factors that contribute to sex differences will be critical to the development of translational targets to improve the treatment of women after stroke. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Spychala MS,Honarpisheh P,McCullough LDdoi
10.1002/jnr.23962subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-02 00:00:00pages
462-471issue
1-2eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::PC12 cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells after treatment with either nerve growth factor (NGF) or transduction with a retrovirus which expresses the K-ras oncogene. The concomitant treatment of NGF plus ras differentiates PC12 cells further than either agent alone with respect to neurite outgrowth, acetylch...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490420306
更新日期:1995-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between brain myelination and nutritional insufficiency in suckling rats whose dams had a restricted dietary intake was studied. The undernourished pups were characterized by body weight and brain weight that were 40-70% and 82-88% that of controls throughout the suckling period. Myelin concentrations...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490190311
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholinergic system takes part in the immune-neuroendocrine integration. Lymphocytes have been found to express muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, as well as acetylcholine-esterase on their surface, and cholinergic agents modulate immune functions in vitro and in vivo. In the present study we provide e...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490350209
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed at determining, based on independent predictors of taste intensity and emotional response, whether individual personality traits could affect prediction models of overall liking and preference rank toward basic taste solutions. Sixty-seven participants rated taste intensities (TI) of four basic-taste ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24321
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by a rupture of cerebral aneurysms remains the most devastating cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is increasingly recognized to be the primary determinant for poor outcomes, and also considered to cause delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after SAH. Both clinical and experimen...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24330
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the striatum, dopamine (DA) exerts a major modulatory influence on voltage- and ligand-gated currents. Previously we have shown that DA modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission and that the direction of this modulation depends on, among other factors, the glutamate and DA receptor subtypes activated. These effects...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20079
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal degeneration has been shown to be involved in various neurological disorders. Growth/trophic factors and their receptors are known to be important for the regeneration and survival of neurons. We report here the molecular cloning of a receptor-like protein tyrosine kinase, bsk, (for brain specific kinase). Bs...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490370117
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta (PPARbeta) is present in the brain and is implicated in the regulation of genes with potential roles in neurotoxicity. We sought to examine the role of PPARbeta in neuronal cell death by using the PPARbeta ligand GW0742. Primary ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20153
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) allele epsilon4 is a major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular mechanism underlying the acceleration of AD development in individuals with epsilon4 remains to be determined. To investigate the isoform-specific effects of apoE o...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981001)54:1<58::AID-JNR7
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ex vivo gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) trauma. We have shown previously that human adult astrocytes can be expanded in vitro and can express various therapeutic transgenes (Ridet et al. [1999] Hum. Gene Ther. 10:271-280;...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10617
更新日期:2003-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibody J1-31 (MAb J1-31, isotype IgG 2b) was raised against crude homogenate of brain tissue from a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient (autopsy sample; Malhotra et al.: Microbios Letters 26:151-157, 1984). In human brain, MAb J1-31 recognizes an intracellular protein antigen (J1-31 antigen), which bands at a...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490220106
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ephrins and Eph receptors are a family of molecules that have been implicated in axonal pathfinding. A unique feature of B-class ephrins and Eph receptors is their ability to transmit bidirectional signals in both ephrin- and Eph receptor-expressing cells upon cell-cell contact. These signals can lead to cytoskeletal ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10457
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a military setting, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently caused by blast waves that can trigger a series of neuronal biochemical changes. Although many animal models have been used to study the effects of primary blast waves, elucidating the mechanisms of damage in a whole-animal model is extremely complex. I...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23594
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of trimethadione (TMO) as a protector in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in the conscious rat has been examined in detail. The oxidation-reduction state of pyridine nucleotides was measured simultaneously with the EEG activity from the surface of the brain cortex. From the data obtained, a few parameters were calcu...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490010205
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, is released from hemoglobin after CNS hemorrhage and may contribute to injury to surrounding tissue. The heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferric iron. Although HO-2, the isoform expressed predominantly in neurons, accelera...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20681
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells improves the behavior of Parkinson's disease model animals. However, the survival of DA progenitors is low, and the final yield of DA neurons is only approximately 0.3%-2% the number of transplanted cells. Zonisamide (ZNS) increas...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.24668
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten days after bilateral injections of ibotenic acid into the nucleus basalis, rats injected daily (i.m.) with ganglioside GM1 were protected from anterograde degeneration of cholinergic projections to the fronto-lateral cortex. This protection was reflected by reduced losses (associated with ibotenic acid lesions) of...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490200411
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel approach was developed to raise a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against brain antigens using Xenopus oocytes as immunological vectors. Xenopus oocytes were injected to express proteins encoded by brain-derived mRNA extracted from rat cerebral cortex. A crude membrane preparation from mRNA-injected oocyt...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490290109
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) has been implicated in both excitotoxic and apoptotic neuronal cell death, despite the fact that it has not been previously identified in neurons. To study the mPT in hippocampal neurons, cultures were loaded with the mitochondrial dye JC-1 and observed with confocal and...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980915)53:6<728::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that PC12 cells overexpressing beta/A4 amyloid peptide display altered morphology characterized by pronounced membrane ruffling and extensive intercellular appositions. Having observed other cell types in which these features accompany increased connexin43 (Cx43) production and gap junction...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960415)44:2<124::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal pathology of the brain with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by numerous depositions of amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta). Abeta binding to the 75-kDa neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) causes neuronal cell death. Here we report that Abeta causes cell death in neuronal hybrid cells transfected with p75NTR, b...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10703
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia, central nervous system (CNS) resident phagocytic cells, persistently police the integrity of CNS tissue and respond to any kind of damage or pathophysiological changes. These cells sense and rapidly respond to danger and inflammatory signals by changing their cell morphology; by release of cytokines, chemok...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21875
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The cytokines ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signal through a receptor complex formed between two transmembrane proteins, gp130 and LIFRbeta. In addition, CNTF also uses a ligand-binding component which is anchored to the cell membrane. In the case of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), LI...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990101)55:1<119::AID-JNR
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The higher prevalence and risk for Alzheimer's disease in women relative to men has been partially attributed to the precipitous decline in gonadal hormone levels that occurs in women following the menopause. Although considerable attention has been focused on the consequence of estrogen loss, and thus estrogen's neur...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21370
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a neurotrophic protein synthesized and secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in early embryogenesis and has been shown to be present in the extracellular matrix between the RPE cells and the neural retina. It induces neuronal differentiation and promotes surviva...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral vasospasm is a potentially incapacitating or lethal complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The development of effective preventative and therapeutic interventions has been largely hindered by the fact that the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm remain poorl...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.21823
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocyte activation is an important feature in many disorders of the central nervous system, including chronic pain conditions. Activation of astrocytes is characterized by a change in morphology, including hypertrophy and increased size of processes, proliferation, and an increased production of proinflammatory medi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23144
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two fundamental questions about neuron cell culture were addressed. Can one serum-free medium that was developed for optimum growth of hippocampal neurons support the growth of neurons from other regions of the brain? Is the region specific state of differentiation maintained in culture? To answer these questions, we ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490420510
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to be a preferentially selective neurotrophic factor for dopamine (DA) neurons. In the present study, we have examined the distribution of GDNF mRNA expression in several major DA-containing cell body and terminal areas and the regulation of GDNF mRNA e...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980901)53:5<593::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain slices obtained from young rats were incubated with different radioactive precursors, in the presence and absence of L-cycloserine (an inhibitor of the synthesis of sphingosine) in order to explore the possibility that transport of proteolipids--and specifically of the major myelin proteolipid PLP--to the myelin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490220309
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00