Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) discriminate between photographs of individual pigeons.

abstract：:Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dwyer DM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In seven experiments, 2 squirrel monkeys were given choices between arrays of food that varied in the quantity offered. In Experiments 1-5, the monkeys were offered choices between quantities of the same food that varied in a 2:1 ratio. The squirrel monkeys failed to show the temporal myopia effect or a decrease in pr...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： McKenzie T,Cherman T,Bird LR,Naqshbandi M,Roberts WA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted three experiments to investigate the associative structure underlying the reinstatement of instrumental performance after extinction. In each experiment, rats were initially rewarded on two responses with different outcomes. At test, both responses were extinguished in order to assess the impact of a sing...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Ostlund SB,Balline BW

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four experiments in human instrumental learning explored the associations involving the context that develop after three trials of training on simple discriminations. Experiments 1 and 4 found a deleterious effect of switching the learning context that cannot be explained by the context-outcome binary associations com...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gámez AM,León SP,Rosas JM

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dack C,McHugh L,Reed P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ephemeral reward task consists of giving an animal a choice between two distinctive stimuli, A and B (e.g., black and white), on each of which is placed a bit of food. If the animal chooses the food on A, it gets that reinforcer, but the other stimulus, B, is removed, and the trial is over. If it chooses the food ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Zentall TR

更新日期：2020-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently reported a study (Warneken & Rosati Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, 20150229, 2015) examining whether chimpanzees possess several cognitive capacities that are critical to engage in cooking. In a subsequent commentary, Beran, Hopper, de Waal, Sayers, and Brosnan Learning & Behavior (2015) asserted...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Rosati AG,Warneken F

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons responded on fixed-interval and fixed-ratio food schedules during sessions of extended duration. Pause lengths from the beginning of the session, when the subjects were hungry, resembled those found in open economies, whereas pause lengths from the end of the sessions, when the subjects were close to satiation...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Posadas-Sánchez D,Killeen PR

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New Caledonian (NC) crows are the most sophisticated tool manufacturers other than humans. The diversification and geographical distribution of their three Pandanus tool designs that differ in complexity, as well as the lack of ecological correlates, suggest that cumulative technological change has taken place. To inv...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Holzhaider JC,Hunt GR,Gray RD

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Appetitive, aversive and avoidance responses to a flavoured solution in distinct contexts were examined. Rats placed in either a white or black box were given access to saccharin. Consumption was followed by an injection of a toxin in one but not the other box. Rats showed more aversive responses in anticipation of an...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Brown AR,Penney AM,Skinner DM,Martin GM

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We frame behavior in classical conditioning experiments as the product of normative statistical inference. According to this theory, animals learn an internal model of their environment from experience. The basic building blocks of this internal model are latent causes-explanatory constructs inferred by the animal tha...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gershman SJ,Niv Y

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pet dogs are known to be responsive to human pointing gestures, but shelter dogs have repeatedly demonstrated poor abilities to follow human pointing, although they can be explicitly trained quickly. This study evaluated the time course in which shelter dogs learn to follow points without explicit training, when given...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jarvis T,Hall NJ

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognit...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Chartier TF,Rey A

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present research examined the temporal distribution of responding in a lick suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with either a 30- or a 120-s conditioned stimulus (CS), which was followed either by a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) or nothing. Licking during the CS was suppressed only i...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jozefowiez J,Witnauer JE,Miller RR

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apes can correctly determine how to help a person with a false belief. But they may not need a concept of belief to do so. ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Andrews K

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Chamizo VD,Torres MN,Rodríguez CA,Mackintosh NJ

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the a...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Brooks DC,Bowker JL,Anderson JE,Palmatier MI

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments explored the link between reward shifts and latent inhibition (LI). Using consummatory procedures, rewards were either downshifted from 32% to 4% sucrose (Experiments 1-2), or upshifted from 4% to 32% sucrose (Experiment 3). In both cases, appropriate unshifted controls were also included. LI was imp...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： De la Casa LG,Mena A,Ruiz-Salas JC,Quintero E,Papini MR

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we examined whether adult humans' tool selections in a stick-and-tube problem might resemble previously published results of crows' selections if people had more experience solving the problem or were presented with a more ambiguous problem. In Experiments 1a and 1b, when given multiple opportunities to...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Silva FJ,Silva KM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three Pavlovian magazine approach experiments, rats received conditioning of auditory and visual stimuli by pairing with a pellet. Then the stimuli received additional conditioning while presented in simultaneous compound and were tested either immediately or after a delay. The compound conditioning resulted in a d...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Rescorla RA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delay of reinforcement is generally thought to be inversely correlated with speed of acquisition. However, in the case of simultaneous discrimination learning, in which choice results in immediate reinforcement, delay of reinforcement can improve acquisition. For example, in the ephemeral reward task, animals are give...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Zentall TR

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various types of discrimination learning tasks, such as so-called nonconditional, conditional, and biconditional tasks, are generally held to differ in complexity and to require different amounts of training. However, rather than a difference in rule complexity, between-task performance differences may reflect a diffe...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Maes JH,Eling PA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does the effectiveness of guiding cues influence the development of motor skill autonomy? We utilized two sets of guiding cues (lights vs. reversed-lights conditions) that differed in their effectiveness to control a left-right leverpress sequence in rats. We separately measured the development of stimulus control...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Reid AK,Demarco G,Smith K,Fort T,Cousins E

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We trained 7 pigeons to discriminate visual displays of 16 same items from displays of 16 different items. The specific stimulus features of the items and the relations among the items could serve as discriminative stimuli. Unlike in most studies of same-different discrimination behavior, we gave a small number of pro...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gibson BM,Wasserman EA

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I review literature on four different approaches to the study of traditions in animals: observation of free-living animals, laboratory experiment, armchair analysis, and field experiment. Because, by definition, a tradition entails social learning of some kind, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish that a ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Galef BG Jr

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An artificial-intelligence model based on deep learning developed units in a hidden layer that resembled mammalian grid cells in the hippocampus when the agent was taught to integrate paths. The full model performed sophisticated navigational tasks-in some cases even better than a human. ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Cheng K

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is thought that within-compound associations are necessary for the occurrence of both backward blocking and unovershadowing, it is not known whether this variable plays a similar role in mediating the two phenomena. Similarly, the roles of within-compound associations in forward blocking and in reduced ove...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Luque D,Flores A,Vadillo MA

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceptual learning has been extensively studied in both human and nonhuman animals, but the two lines of research have, for the most part, developed independently, addressing seemingly rather different issues by rather different methods. It has been argued, however, that analysis of the disparate phenomena studied in...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Hall G

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Baetu I,Baker AG

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the database Web of Science, a systematic search for literature on learning in Cnidaria, both non-associative and associative, was conducted. Cnidaria comprise hydras, box jellies, (true) jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, a group of animals possessing diffuse networks of nerves known as nerve nets or neural n...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Cheng K

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00