Abstract:
:Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognition." Here, we argue that empirical evidence supporting this claim is insufficient, and that absence of symmetry inference in nonhuman animals should be reassessed.
journal_name
Learn Behavjournal_title
Learning & behaviorauthors
Chartier TF,Rey Adoi
10.3758/s13420-019-00405-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
279-280issue
3eissn
1543-4494issn
1543-4508pii
10.3758/s13420-019-00405-5journal_volume
48pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract::The effects of test stimulus range on generalization gradients in humans were assessed for discriminations between faces that varied in brightness, faces that varied in orientation in the picture plane, and morphed faces. In Experiment 1, significant range effects, predicted by adaptation level theory, occurred when f...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192878
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted three experiments to investigate the associative structure underlying the reinstatement of instrumental performance after extinction. In each experiment, rats were initially rewarded on two responses with different outcomes. At test, both responses were extinguished in order to assess the impact of a sing...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196073
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196034
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is thought that within-compound associations are necessary for the occurrence of both backward blocking and unovershadowing, it is not known whether this variable plays a similar role in mediating the two phenomena. Similarly, the roles of within-compound associations in forward blocking and in reduced ove...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0085-3
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments explored the link between reward shifts and latent inhibition (LI). Using consummatory procedures, rewards were either downshifted from 32% to 4% sucrose (Experiments 1-2), or upshifted from 4% to 32% sucrose (Experiment 3). In both cases, appropriate unshifted controls were also included. LI was imp...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0282-1
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared acquisition and performance accounts of human contingency learning. After solving a discrimination in Phase 1, in which Cue A predicted the occurrence of the outcome and Cue B predicted its nonoccurrence (A+/B-), a new discrimination (X+/Y-) was superimposed in Phase 2 (AX+/BY-). The participants were fina...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193050
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw ta...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195974
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pet dogs are known to be responsive to human pointing gestures, but shelter dogs have repeatedly demonstrated poor abilities to follow human pointing, although they can be explicitly trained quickly. This study evaluated the time course in which shelter dogs learn to follow points without explicit training, when given...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00415-8
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, we examined the discrimination of photographs of individual pigeons by pigeons, using go/no-go discrimination procedures. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the pigeons were trained to discriminate 4 photographs of one pigeon from those of a number of pigeons. The subjects learned the discrimination, but th...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195993
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hungry rats were trained in a two-lever conditioning chamber to earn food reinforcement according to either a win-shift/lose-stay or a win-stay/lose-shift contingency. Performance on the two contingencies was similar when there was little delay between the initial, information part of the trial (i.e., win or lose) and...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0289-7
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0364-8
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::How does the effectiveness of guiding cues influence the development of motor skill autonomy? We utilized two sets of guiding cues (lights vs. reversed-lights conditions) that differed in their effectiveness to control a left-right leverpress sequence in rats. We separately measured the development of stimulus control...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0121-y
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three Pavlovian magazine approach experiments, rats received conditioning of auditory and visual stimuli by pairing with a pellet. Then the stimuli received additional conditioning while presented in simultaneous compound and were tested either immediately or after a delay. The compound conditioning resulted in a d...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192867
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We trained 7 pigeons to discriminate visual displays of 16 same items from displays of 16 different items. The specific stimulus features of the items and the relations among the items could serve as discriminative stimuli. Unlike in most studies of same-different discrimination behavior, we gave a small number of pro...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196019
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Socially learned behavior can be a crucial factor in how animals interact with their environment and, thus, in conservation and management. For species in which social learning and culture are important determinants of behavior, several factors complicate conservation and management. These include the rapid spread of ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.3.329
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ephemeral reward task consists of giving an animal a choice between two distinctive stimuli, A and B (e.g., black and white), on each of which is placed a bit of food. If the animal chooses the food on A, it gets that reinforcer, but the other stimulus, B, is removed, and the trial is over. If it chooses the food ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00429-2
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the reinforcer in instrumental discriminations has often been viewed as that of facilitating associative learning between a reinforced response and the discriminative stimulus that occasions it. The differential-outcome paradigm introduced by Trapold (1970), however, has provided compelling evidence that r...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196047
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0309-7
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is pri...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0131-9
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.4.394
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various types of discrimination learning tasks, such as so-called nonconditional, conditional, and biconditional tasks, are generally held to differ in complexity and to require different amounts of training. However, rather than a difference in rule complexity, between-task performance differences may reflect a diffe...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03206428
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the a...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195971
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present research demonstrates a conditioning order effect difference: Odor-aversion conditioning is stronger following OT+/O+ conditioning than following O+/OT+ conditioning with specific odor (O) and taste (T) cues. When a weak odor cue was used in Experiments 1A and 1B, OT+/O+ conditioning produced significantly...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.36.4.267
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested a California sea lion for visual oddity learning by presentingproblems composed ofthree two-dimensional black-and-white stimuli, two identical (S-) and one different (S+). In the first experimental stage, a single problem per session was presented until learning criterion was reached. In the second experimen...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193190
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior reduced as a consequence of extinction or intervention can relapse. According to behavioral momentum theory, the extent to which behavior persists and relapses once it has been eliminated depends on the relative training reinforcement rate among discriminative stimuli. In addition, studies of context renewal ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-015-0188-8
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0066-6
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cognition in animals. Broadly, these hypotheses fall under two categories: those that pertain to the selective pressures exerted either by sociality or by the ecological niche in which animals live. We review these ideas and then ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00445-2
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::In seven experiments, 2 squirrel monkeys were given choices between arrays of food that varied in the quantity offered. In Experiments 1-5, the monkeys were offered choices between quantities of the same food that varied in a 2:1 ratio. The squirrel monkeys failed to show the temporal myopia effect or a decrease in pr...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196035
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to ex...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0224-3
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systematic variations in the rate and temporal patterns of responding under a multiple concurrent-chains schedule were quantified using recurrence metrics and self-organizing maps to assess whether individual rats showed consistent or idiosyncratic patterns. The results indicated that (1) the temporal regularity of re...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-015-0182-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00