Abstract:
:A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to examine human evolution (Beran, Hopper, de Waal, Sayers, & Brosnan, 2015). Two commentaries suggested either that we were overly critical of the original report's claims and methodology (Rosati & Warneken, 2016), or that, contrary to our statements, early biological thinkers contributed little to questions concerning the evolutionary importance of cooking (Wrangham, 2016). In addition, both commentaries took issue with our treatment of chimpanzee referential models in human evolutionary studies. Our response offers points of continued disagreement as well as points of conciliation. We view Warneken and Rosati's general conclusions as a case of affirming the consequent-a logical conundrum in which, in this case, a demonstration of a partial list of the underlying abilities required for a cognitive trait/suite (understanding of cooking) are suggested as evidence for that ability. And although we strongly concur with both Warneken and Rosati (2015) and Wrangham (2016) that chimpanzee research is invaluable and essential to understanding humanness, it can only achieve its potential via the holistic inclusion of all available evidence-including that from other animals, evolutionary theory, and the fossil and archaeological records.
journal_name
Learn Behavjournal_title
Learning & behaviorauthors
Beran MJ,Hopper LM,de Waal FB,Brosnan SF,Sayers Kdoi
10.3758/s13420-016-0224-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
118-21issue
2eissn
1543-4494issn
1543-4508pii
10.3758/s13420-016-0224-3journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Simultaneous protocols typically yield poorer stimulus equivalence outcomes than do other protocols commonly used in equivalence research. Two independent groups of three 3-member equivalence sets of stimuli were used in conditional discrimination procedures in two conditions, one using the standard simultaneous proto...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0128-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested a California sea lion for visual oddity learning by presentingproblems composed ofthree two-dimensional black-and-white stimuli, two identical (S-) and one different (S+). In the first experimental stage, a single problem per session was presented until learning criterion was reached. In the second experimen...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193190
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.4.394
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appetitive, aversive and avoidance responses to a flavoured solution in distinct contexts were examined. Rats placed in either a white or black box were given access to saccharin. Consumption was followed by an injection of a toxin in one but not the other box. Rats showed more aversive responses in anticipation of an...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-010-0008-0
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apes can correctly determine how to help a person with a false belief. But they may not need a concept of belief to do so. ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0288-8
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delay of reinforcement is generally thought to be inversely correlated with speed of acquisition. However, in the case of simultaneous discrimination learning, in which choice results in immediate reinforcement, delay of reinforcement can improve acquisition. For example, in the ephemeral reward task, animals are give...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00407-3
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted three experiments to investigate the associative structure underlying the reinstatement of instrumental performance after extinction. In each experiment, rats were initially rewarded on two responses with different outcomes. At test, both responses were extinguished in order to assess the impact of a sing...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196073
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of object-recognition memory in lab rats began in the late 1980s, using variants of the trial-unique delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task. By the end of the 20th century, most investigators who wanted to study object-recognition in rodents had abandoned the DNMS task in favor of the novel-object-preferenc...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0347-9
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactivity to a reward is affected by prior experience with the different reinforcer values of that reward, a phenomenon known as incentive relativity, which can be studied using the consummatory succesive negative contrast (cSNC) paradigm, in which the performance of animals that receive a 4 % sucrose solution after ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0124-8
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000) found that when pigeons have to work to obtain a discriminative stimulus that is followed by reinforcement, they prefer a discriminative stimulus that requires greater effort over one that requires less effort. The authors suggested that such a preference results from the gr...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192862
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three conditioned suppression experiments with rats as subjects investigated the influence of higher order associations in determining the response potential of a target stimulus. In these experiments, a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor was compounded with the target cue during extinction treatment. In Experiment 1, st...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.1.68
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the rate of acquisition and strength of retention of conditioned context aversion (CCA) with conditioned taste aversion (CTA) using pigmented, genetically heterogeneous mice (derived from Large and Small strains). Extending previous findings, in Experiment 1, mice accustomed to drinking from large glass bo...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0303-0
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous place conditioning studies in mice have shown that injection of ethanol immediately before a conditioned stimulus (CS+) produces conditioned preference, whereas injection of ethanol immediately after CS+ produces conditioned aversion. In the present experiments, we examined the learning that occurs when ethan...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195988
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel learning process that does not require stimulus associations was explored in humans. The hypothesis was that two contextual stimuli taught in separate settings, with different stimuli, become equivalent if they accomplish identical functions with regard to the relations between the stimuli presented with them....
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-014-0166-6
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Are humans unique in their ability to interpret exogenous events as causes? We addressed this question by observing the behavior of rats for indications of causal learning. Within an operant motor-sensory preconditioning paradigm, associative surgical techniques revealed that rats attempted to control an outcome (i.e....
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0075-5
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present research examined the temporal distribution of responding in a lick suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with either a 30- or a 120-s conditioned stimulus (CS), which was followed either by a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) or nothing. Licking during the CS was suppressed only i...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-010-0012-4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior reduced as a consequence of extinction or intervention can relapse. According to behavioral momentum theory, the extent to which behavior persists and relapses once it has been eliminated depends on the relative training reinforcement rate among discriminative stimuli. In addition, studies of context renewal ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-015-0188-8
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared acquisition and performance accounts of human contingency learning. After solving a discrimination in Phase 1, in which Cue A predicted the occurrence of the outcome and Cue B predicted its nonoccurrence (A+/B-), a new discrimination (X+/Y-) was superimposed in Phase 2 (AX+/BY-). The participants were fina...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193050
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proops, Grounds, Smith, and McComb (2018) suggest that horses remember previous emotional expressions of specific humans, and use these memories to adjust their behavior in future social interactions. Despite some methodological shortcomings, this study raises important questions on the complexity of social interactio...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0363-9
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pet dogs are known to be responsive to human pointing gestures, but shelter dogs have repeatedly demonstrated poor abilities to follow human pointing, although they can be explicitly trained quickly. This study evaluated the time course in which shelter dogs learn to follow points without explicit training, when given...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00415-8
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0309-7
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, we examined the discrimination of photographs of individual pigeons by pigeons, using go/no-go discrimination procedures. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the pigeons were trained to discriminate 4 photographs of one pigeon from those of a number of pigeons. The subjects learned the discrimination, but th...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195993
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings have indicated that European starlings perceive overall spectral shape and use this, rather than absolute pitch or timbre, to generalize between similar melodic progressions. This finding highlights yet another parallel between human and avian vocal communication systems and has many biological implica...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0237-y
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Howard, Avargues-Weber, Garcia, Greentree, and Dyer (Science Advances, 5,1-6, 2019) report experiments in which honeybees initially shown a number of shapes could subsequently choose a pattern that added or subtracted one from that number. Further, the operations of addition and subtraction were cued by the colors of ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00382-9
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reciprocal exchange of goods and services among social partners is a conundrum in evolutionary biology because of its proneness to cheating, but also the behavioral and cognitive mechanisms involved in such mutual cooperation are hotly debated. Extreme viewpoints range from the assumption that, at the proximate le...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0236-z
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceptual learning has been extensively studied in both human and nonhuman animals, but the two lines of research have, for the most part, developed independently, addressing seemingly rather different issues by rather different methods. It has been argued, however, that analysis of the disparate phenomena studied in...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.37.2.133
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported a study (Warneken & Rosati Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, 20150229, 2015) examining whether chimpanzees possess several cognitive capacities that are critical to engage in cooking. In a subsequent commentary, Beran, Hopper, de Waal, Sayers, and Brosnan Learning & Behavior (2015) asserted...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0220-7
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the reinforcer in instrumental discriminations has often been viewed as that of facilitating associative learning between a reinforced response and the discriminative stimulus that occasions it. The differential-outcome paradigm introduced by Trapold (1970), however, has provided compelling evidence that r...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196047
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognit...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00405-5
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0066-6
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00