The influences of guiding cues on motor skill autonomy in rats.

abstract：:Are humans unique in their ability to interpret exogenous events as causes? We addressed this question by observing the behavior of rats for indications of causal learning. Within an operant motor-sensory preconditioning paradigm, associative surgical techniques revealed that rats attempted to control an outcome (i.e....

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Polack CW,McConnell BL,Miller RR

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Chamizo VD,Torres MN,Rodríguez CA,Mackintosh NJ

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We frame behavior in classical conditioning experiments as the product of normative statistical inference. According to this theory, animals learn an internal model of their environment from experience. The basic building blocks of this internal model are latent causes-explanatory constructs inferred by the animal tha...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gershman SJ,Niv Y

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although social play is common to many species, humans are unique in their ability to extract some of the benefits of social play through imagination. For example, in play with imaginary companions (ICs), children often practice skills that might be useful for later adaptive social, relational, and emotional functioni...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gleason TR

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In seven experiments, 2 squirrel monkeys were given choices between arrays of food that varied in the quantity offered. In Experiments 1-5, the monkeys were offered choices between quantities of the same food that varied in a 2:1 ratio. The squirrel monkeys failed to show the temporal myopia effect or a decrease in pr...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： McKenzie T,Cherman T,Bird LR,Naqshbandi M,Roberts WA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Pineño O,Miller RR

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior reduced as a consequence of extinction or intervention can relapse. According to behavioral momentum theory, the extent to which behavior persists and relapses once it has been eliminated depends on the relative training reinforcement rate among discriminative stimuli. In addition, studies of context renewal ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Miranda-Dukoski L,Bensemann J,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proops, Grounds, Smith, and McComb (2018) suggest that horses remember previous emotional expressions of specific humans, and use these memories to adjust their behavior in future social interactions. Despite some methodological shortcomings, this study raises important questions on the complexity of social interactio...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Amici F

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Howard, Avargues-Weber, Garcia, Greentree, and Dyer (Science Advances, 5,1-6, 2019) report experiments in which honeybees initially shown a number of shapes could subsequently choose a pattern that added or subtracted one from that number. Further, the operations of addition and subtraction were cued by the colors of ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Roberts WA

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present research examined the temporal distribution of responding in a lick suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with either a 30- or a 120-s conditioned stimulus (CS), which was followed either by a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) or nothing. Licking during the CS was suppressed only i...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jozefowiez J,Witnauer JE,Miller RR

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pearce, Dopson, Haselgrove, and Esber (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 167-179, 2012) conducted a series of experiments with rats and pigeons in which the conditioned responding elicited by two types of redundant cue was compared. One of these redundant cues was a blocked cue X from ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jones PM,Pearce JM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Domestic dogs have become well known for their socio-cognitive successes, so what does it mean when domestic dogs fail to cooperate? A new study by Marshall-Pescini, Schwarz, Kostelnik, Virányi, and Range (PNAS, 114(44) 11793-11798, 2017) highlights the importance of considering socioecological context, learning, and ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Udell MAR

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of test stimulus range on generalization gradients in humans were assessed for discriminations between faces that varied in brightness, faces that varied in orientation in the picture plane, and morphed faces. In Experiment 1, significant range effects, predicted by adaptation level theory, occurred when f...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Verbeek EL,Spetch ML,Cheng K,Clifford CW

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats searched for food in a situation that allowed them to determine which locations contained food after searching a small number of them, but not which of the baited locations contained more-preferred food rather than a less-preferred food. During some experimental trials, the latter information was available from t...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Brown MF,Saxon ME,Heslin KA

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, we examined the effect of response-outcome relations on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such efficacy ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Causal efficacy ratings were higher, and probability of an outcome given a response was lower, for ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dack C,McHugh L,Reed P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is thought that within-compound associations are necessary for the occurrence of both backward blocking and unovershadowing, it is not known whether this variable plays a similar role in mediating the two phenomena. Similarly, the roles of within-compound associations in forward blocking and in reduced ove...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Luque D,Flores A,Vadillo MA

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings have indicated that European starlings perceive overall spectral shape and use this, rather than absolute pitch or timbre, to generalize between similar melodic progressions. This finding highlights yet another parallel between human and avian vocal communication systems and has many biological implica...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Templeton CN

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceptual learning has been extensively studied in both human and nonhuman animals, but the two lines of research have, for the most part, developed independently, addressing seemingly rather different issues by rather different methods. It has been argued, however, that analysis of the disparate phenomena studied in...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Hall G

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared the rate of acquisition and strength of retention of conditioned context aversion (CCA) with conditioned taste aversion (CTA) using pigmented, genetically heterogeneous mice (derived from Large and Small strains). Extending previous findings, in Experiment 1, mice accustomed to drinking from large glass bo...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Kislal S,Blizard DA

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delay of reinforcement is generally thought to be inversely correlated with speed of acquisition. However, in the case of simultaneous discrimination learning, in which choice results in immediate reinforcement, delay of reinforcement can improve acquisition. For example, in the ephemeral reward task, animals are give...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Zentall TR

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the database Web of Science, a systematic search for literature on learning in Cnidaria, both non-associative and associative, was conducted. Cnidaria comprise hydras, box jellies, (true) jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, a group of animals possessing diffuse networks of nerves known as nerve nets or neural n...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Cheng K

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Infants' memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw ta...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Barr R,Marrott H,Rovee-Collier C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous place conditioning studies in mice have shown that injection of ethanol immediately before a conditioned stimulus (CS+) produces conditioned preference, whereas injection of ethanol immediately after CS+ produces conditioned aversion. In the present experiments, we examined the learning that occurs when ethan...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Cunningham CL,Smith R,McMullin C

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In four experiments, rats were trained on different patterning discriminations before being tested with compounds composed of novel combinations of the trained stimuli. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a negative-patterning schedule (A+ B+ AB-) intermixed with reinforced presentations of a second compound (CD+). ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Harris JA,Gharaei S,Moore CA

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dwyer DM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is pri...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Craddock P,Miller RR

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognit...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Chartier TF,Rey A

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000) found that when pigeons have to work to obtain a discriminative stimulus that is followed by reinforcement, they prefer a discriminative stimulus that requires greater effort over one that requires less effort. The authors suggested that such a preference results from the gr...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Friedrich AM,Clement TS,Zentall TR

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cognition in animals. Broadly, these hypotheses fall under two categories: those that pertain to the selective pressures exerted either by sociality or by the ecological niche in which animals live. We review these ideas and then ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Aguilar-Arguello S,Nelson XJ

更新日期：2021-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The attenuation of an LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by LiCl preexposure is mediated primarily by associative blocking via injection-related cues. Given that preexposure to morphine attenuates morphine-induced CTAs, it was of interest to determine whether injection cues also mediate this effect. Certain...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Davis CM,de Brugada I,Riley AL

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00