Abstract:
:Recent findings have indicated that European starlings perceive overall spectral shape and use this, rather than absolute pitch or timbre, to generalize between similar melodic progressions. This finding highlights yet another parallel between human and avian vocal communication systems and has many biological implications.
journal_name
Learn Behavjournal_title
Learning & behaviorauthors
Templeton CNdoi
10.3758/s13420-016-0237-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
305-306issue
4eissn
1543-4494issn
1543-4508pii
10.3758/s13420-016-0237-yjournal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0066-6
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present research demonstrates a conditioning order effect difference: Odor-aversion conditioning is stronger following OT+/O+ conditioning than following O+/OT+ conditioning with specific odor (O) and taste (T) cues. When a weak odor cue was used in Experiments 1A and 1B, OT+/O+ conditioning produced significantly...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.36.4.267
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared acquisition and performance accounts of human contingency learning. After solving a discrimination in Phase 1, in which Cue A predicted the occurrence of the outcome and Cue B predicted its nonoccurrence (A+/B-), a new discrimination (X+/Y-) was superimposed in Phase 2 (AX+/BY-). The participants were fina...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193050
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main features of the Shuttle Box Active Avoidance paradigm (e.g., the use of simple locomotor response as an operant and electrical current as a primary reinforcer) make this task easily automated. However, learning in this paradigm cannot be easily separated from the specificity of fear motivation. Punishment and...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00422-9
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons responded on fixed-interval and fixed-ratio food schedules during sessions of extended duration. Pause lengths from the beginning of the session, when the subjects were hungry, resembled those found in open economies, whereas pause lengths from the end of the sessions, when the subjects were close to satiation...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193178
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three Pavlovian magazine approach experiments, rats received conditioning of auditory and visual stimuli by pairing with a pellet. Then the stimuli received additional conditioning while presented in simultaneous compound and were tested either immediately or after a delay. The compound conditioning resulted in a d...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192867
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four experiments, rats were trained on different patterning discriminations before being tested with compounds composed of novel combinations of the trained stimuli. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a negative-patterning schedule (A+ B+ AB-) intermixed with reinforced presentations of a second compound (CD+). ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.37.3.230
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reciprocal exchange of goods and services among social partners is a conundrum in evolutionary biology because of its proneness to cheating, but also the behavioral and cognitive mechanisms involved in such mutual cooperation are hotly debated. Extreme viewpoints range from the assumption that, at the proximate le...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0236-z
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw ta...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195974
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The attenuation of an LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by LiCl preexposure is mediated primarily by associative blocking via injection-related cues. Given that preexposure to morphine attenuates morphine-induced CTAs, it was of interest to determine whether injection cues also mediate this effect. Certain...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.2.103
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognit...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00405-5
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cognition in animals. Broadly, these hypotheses fall under two categories: those that pertain to the selective pressures exerted either by sociality or by the ecological niche in which animals live. We review these ideas and then ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00445-2
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0065-7
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196034
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted three experiments to investigate the associative structure underlying the reinstatement of instrumental performance after extinction. In each experiment, rats were initially rewarded on two responses with different outcomes. At test, both responses were extinguished in order to assess the impact of a sing...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196073
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proops, Grounds, Smith, and McComb (2018) suggest that horses remember previous emotional expressions of specific humans, and use these memories to adjust their behavior in future social interactions. Despite some methodological shortcomings, this study raises important questions on the complexity of social interactio...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0363-9
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested a California sea lion for visual oddity learning by presentingproblems composed ofthree two-dimensional black-and-white stimuli, two identical (S-) and one different (S+). In the first experimental stage, a single problem per session was presented until learning criterion was reached. In the second experimen...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193190
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::How does the effectiveness of guiding cues influence the development of motor skill autonomy? We utilized two sets of guiding cues (lights vs. reversed-lights conditions) that differed in their effectiveness to control a left-right leverpress sequence in rats. We separately measured the development of stimulus control...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0121-y
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0364-8
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::When humans procrastinate, they delay completing a required relatively aversive task. In the present experiments with pigeons, we considered the possibility that completing the task close to the deadline results in the formation of a stronger conditioned reinforcer. In Experiment 1, pigeons were given a choice between...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00397-2
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three conditioned suppression experiments with rats as subjects investigated the influence of higher order associations in determining the response potential of a target stimulus. In these experiments, a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor was compounded with the target cue during extinction treatment. In Experiment 1, st...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.1.68
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We trained 7 pigeons to discriminate visual displays of 16 same items from displays of 16 different items. The specific stimulus features of the items and the relations among the items could serve as discriminative stimuli. Unlike in most studies of same-different discrimination behavior, we gave a small number of pro...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196019
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.4.394
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to ex...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0224-3
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four experiments in human instrumental learning explored the associations involving the context that develop after three trials of training on simple discriminations. Experiments 1 and 4 found a deleterious effect of switching the learning context that cannot be explained by the context-outcome binary associations com...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0256-8
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Socially learned behavior can be a crucial factor in how animals interact with their environment and, thus, in conservation and management. For species in which social learning and culture are important determinants of behavior, several factors complicate conservation and management. These include the rapid spread of ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.3.329
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous place conditioning studies in mice have shown that injection of ethanol immediately before a conditioned stimulus (CS+) produces conditioned preference, whereas injection of ethanol immediately after CS+ produces conditioned aversion. In the present experiments, we examined the learning that occurs when ethan...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195988
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Are humans unique in their ability to interpret exogenous events as causes? We addressed this question by observing the behavior of rats for indications of causal learning. Within an operant motor-sensory preconditioning paradigm, associative surgical techniques revealed that rats attempted to control an outcome (i.e....
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0075-5
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the rate of acquisition and strength of retention of conditioned context aversion (CCA) with conditioned taste aversion (CTA) using pigmented, genetically heterogeneous mice (derived from Large and Small strains). Extending previous findings, in Experiment 1, mice accustomed to drinking from large glass bo...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0303-0
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::When facing two sets of imprinting objects of different numerousness, domestic chicks prefer to approach the larger one. Given that choice for familiar and novel stimuli in imprinting situations is known to be affected by the sex of the animals, we investigated how male and female domestic chicks divide the time spent...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00446-1
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00