Abstract:
:Using the database Web of Science, a systematic search for literature on learning in Cnidaria, both non-associative and associative, was conducted. Cnidaria comprise hydras, box jellies, (true) jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, a group of animals possessing diffuse networks of nerves known as nerve nets or neural nets. Being neighbors on the animal evolutionary tree to bilaterian animals, the vast collection of (mostly) bilaterally symmetric animals with brains ranging from tiny worms to giant whales, the cognitive capacities of Cnidaria inform the evolution of nervous systems and cognition in bilateria. I failed to find literature on learning in corals and box jellies. Habituation has been amply shown in hydras, jellyfish, and sea anemones, while sensitization has been studied in detail in sea anemones, including some neurobiological details in the release of nematocysts or poisoned darts for capturing prey. One well-controlled study found evidence for classical conditioning with shock in sea anemones, in addition to two other lesser-controlled demonstrations. The relevance of associative learning in sea anemones, embodied cognition, and representationsal issues when it comes to animals without central brains is discussed.
journal_name
Learn Behavjournal_title
Learning & behaviorauthors
Cheng Kdoi
10.3758/s13420-020-00452-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-13 00:00:00eissn
1543-4494issn
1543-4508pii
10.3758/s13420-020-00452-3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Three conditioned suppression experiments with rats as subjects investigated the influence of higher order associations in determining the response potential of a target stimulus. In these experiments, a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor was compounded with the target cue during extinction treatment. In Experiment 1, st...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.1.68
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported a study (Warneken & Rosati Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, 20150229, 2015) examining whether chimpanzees possess several cognitive capacities that are critical to engage in cooking. In a subsequent commentary, Beran, Hopper, de Waal, Sayers, and Brosnan Learning & Behavior (2015) asserted...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0220-7
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three Pavlovian magazine approach experiments, rats received conditioning of auditory and visual stimuli by pairing with a pellet. Then the stimuli received additional conditioning while presented in simultaneous compound and were tested either immediately or after a delay. The compound conditioning resulted in a d...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192867
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although social play is common to many species, humans are unique in their ability to extract some of the benefits of social play through imagination. For example, in play with imaginary companions (ICs), children often practice skills that might be useful for later adaptive social, relational, and emotional functioni...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0284-z
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0364-8
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings have indicated that European starlings perceive overall spectral shape and use this, rather than absolute pitch or timbre, to generalize between similar melodic progressions. This finding highlights yet another parallel between human and avian vocal communication systems and has many biological implica...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0237-y
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An artificial-intelligence model based on deep learning developed units in a hidden layer that resembled mammalian grid cells in the hippocampus when the agent was taught to integrate paths. The full model performed sophisticated navigational tasks-in some cases even better than a human. ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0329-y
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hungry rats were trained in a two-lever conditioning chamber to earn food reinforcement according to either a win-shift/lose-stay or a win-stay/lose-shift contingency. Performance on the two contingencies was similar when there was little delay between the initial, information part of the trial (i.e., win or lose) and...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0289-7
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats searched for food in a situation that allowed them to determine which locations contained food after searching a small number of them, but not which of the baited locations contained more-preferred food rather than a less-preferred food. During some experimental trials, the latter information was available from t...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0322-5
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proops, Grounds, Smith, and McComb (2018) suggest that horses remember previous emotional expressions of specific humans, and use these memories to adjust their behavior in future social interactions. Despite some methodological shortcomings, this study raises important questions on the complexity of social interactio...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0363-9
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reciprocal exchange of goods and services among social partners is a conundrum in evolutionary biology because of its proneness to cheating, but also the behavioral and cognitive mechanisms involved in such mutual cooperation are hotly debated. Extreme viewpoints range from the assumption that, at the proximate le...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0236-z
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Domestic dogs have become well known for their socio-cognitive successes, so what does it mean when domestic dogs fail to cooperate? A new study by Marshall-Pescini, Schwarz, Kostelnik, Virányi, and Range (PNAS, 114(44) 11793-11798, 2017) highlights the importance of considering socioecological context, learning, and ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0334-1
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systematic variations in the rate and temporal patterns of responding under a multiple concurrent-chains schedule were quantified using recurrence metrics and self-organizing maps to assess whether individual rats showed consistent or idiosyncratic patterns. The results indicated that (1) the temporal regularity of re...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-015-0182-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw ta...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195974
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, we examined the effect of response-outcome relations on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such efficacy ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Causal efficacy ratings were higher, and probability of an outcome given a response was lower, for ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.37.4.336
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symmetry inference-that is, spontaneously deriving the stimulus association B-A from A-B-was recently reported in preverbal infants (Kabdebon & Dehaene-Lambertz, 2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116[12], 5805-5810) and regarded as a "building block for human cognit...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00405-5
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0066-6
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apes can correctly determine how to help a person with a false belief. But they may not need a concept of belief to do so. ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0288-8
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196034
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appetitive, aversive and avoidance responses to a flavoured solution in distinct contexts were examined. Rats placed in either a white or black box were given access to saccharin. Consumption was followed by an injection of a toxin in one but not the other box. Rats showed more aversive responses in anticipation of an...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-010-0008-0
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.4.394
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four experiments in human instrumental learning explored the associations involving the context that develop after three trials of training on simple discriminations. Experiments 1 and 4 found a deleterious effect of switching the learning context that cannot be explained by the context-outcome binary associations com...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0256-8
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous protocols typically yield poorer stimulus equivalence outcomes than do other protocols commonly used in equivalence research. Two independent groups of three 3-member equivalence sets of stimuli were used in conditional discrimination procedures in two conditions, one using the standard simultaneous proto...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0128-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested a California sea lion for visual oddity learning by presentingproblems composed ofthree two-dimensional black-and-white stimuli, two identical (S-) and one different (S+). In the first experimental stage, a single problem per session was presented until learning criterion was reached. In the second experimen...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03193190
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four trace-conditioning experiments with rats, the influence on the blocking of differences between the blocking cue-unconditioned stimulus (US) and the blocked cue-US trace intervals was explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated blocking despite the blocked cue's having a shorter trace interval than the blocking cue in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/lb.36.2.92
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to ex...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0224-3
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main features of the Shuttle Box Active Avoidance paradigm (e.g., the use of simple locomotor response as an operant and electrical current as a primary reinforcer) make this task easily automated. However, learning in this paradigm cannot be easily separated from the specificity of fear motivation. Punishment and...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00422-9
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::New Caledonian (NC) crows are the most sophisticated tool manufacturers other than humans. The diversification and geographical distribution of their three Pandanus tool designs that differ in complexity, as well as the lack of ecological correlates, suggest that cumulative technological change has taken place. To inv...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.3.206
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various types of discrimination learning tasks, such as so-called nonconditional, conditional, and biconditional tasks, are generally held to differ in complexity and to require different amounts of training. However, rather than a difference in rule complexity, between-task performance differences may reflect a diffe...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03206428
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ephemeral reward task consists of giving an animal a choice between two distinctive stimuli, A and B (e.g., black and white), on each of which is placed a bit of food. If the animal chooses the food on A, it gets that reinforcer, but the other stimulus, B, is removed, and the trial is over. If it chooses the food ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00429-2
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00