How comparative psychology can shed light on human evolution: Response to Beran et al.'s discussion of "Cognitive capacities for cooking in chimpanzees".

abstract：:In two experiments, we examined the discrimination of photographs of individual pigeons by pigeons, using go/no-go discrimination procedures. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the pigeons were trained to discriminate 4 photographs of one pigeon from those of a number of pigeons. The subjects learned the discrimination, but th...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Nakamura T,Croft DB,Westbrook RF

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article introduces a new model of Pavlovian conditioning, attention as an acquisition and performance variable (AAPV), which, like several other so-called attentional models, emphasizes the role of variation of cue salience, together with associative strength, in accounting for conditioning phenomena. AAPV is pri...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Craddock P,Miller RR

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hungry rats were trained in a two-lever conditioning chamber to earn food reinforcement according to either a win-shift/lose-stay or a win-stay/lose-shift contingency. Performance on the two contingencies was similar when there was little delay between the initial, information part of the trial (i.e., win or lose) and...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Reed P

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments investigated extinction and blocking of a conditioned inhibitor in a human contingency-learning task. Lotz and Lachnit (2009) and Melchers, Wolff, and Lachnit (2006) reported extinction of inhibition only when participants experienced outcome levels lower than those used in training. In Experiment 1, w...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Baetu I,Baker AG

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, rats of different ages were trained in a circular pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of a single landmark, a cylinder outside the pool. Following training, two main components of the landmark, its shape and pattern, were tested individually. Experiment 1 was perfor...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Chamizo VD,Torres MN,Rodríguez CA,Mackintosh NJ

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceptual learning has been extensively studied in both human and nonhuman animals, but the two lines of research have, for the most part, developed independently, addressing seemingly rather different issues by rather different methods. It has been argued, however, that analysis of the disparate phenomena studied in...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Hall G

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In seven experiments, 2 squirrel monkeys were given choices between arrays of food that varied in the quantity offered. In Experiments 1-5, the monkeys were offered choices between quantities of the same food that varied in a 2:1 ratio. The squirrel monkeys failed to show the temporal myopia effect or a decrease in pr...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： McKenzie T,Cherman T,Bird LR,Naqshbandi M,Roberts WA

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic variations in the rate and temporal patterns of responding under a multiple concurrent-chains schedule were quantified using recurrence metrics and self-organizing maps to assess whether individual rats showed consistent or idiosyncratic patterns. The results indicated that (1) the temporal regularity of re...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Mercado E 3rd,Orduña V

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the a...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Brooks DC,Bowker JL,Anderson JE,Palmatier MI

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the effect of response-outcome contingencies on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Efficacy ratings generally followed the delta probability rule when positive response-outcome contingencies wer...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dack C,McHugh L,Reed P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments explored the link between reward shifts and latent inhibition (LI). Using consummatory procedures, rewards were either downshifted from 32% to 4% sucrose (Experiments 1-2), or upshifted from 4% to 32% sucrose (Experiment 3). In both cases, appropriate unshifted controls were also included. LI was imp...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： De la Casa LG,Mena A,Ruiz-Salas JC,Quintero E,Papini MR

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the database Web of Science, a systematic search for literature on learning in Cnidaria, both non-associative and associative, was conducted. Cnidaria comprise hydras, box jellies, (true) jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, a group of animals possessing diffuse networks of nerves known as nerve nets or neural n...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Cheng K

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Pet dogs are known to be responsive to human pointing gestures, but shelter dogs have repeatedly demonstrated poor abilities to follow human pointing, although they can be explicitly trained quickly. This study evaluated the time course in which shelter dogs learn to follow points without explicit training, when given...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jarvis T,Hall NJ

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main features of the Shuttle Box Active Avoidance paradigm (e.g., the use of simple locomotor response as an operant and electrical current as a primary reinforcer) make this task easily automated. However, learning in this paradigm cannot be easily separated from the specificity of fear motivation. Punishment and...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Berezhnoy DS,Zamorina TA,Inozemtsev AN

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested a California sea lion for visual oddity learning by presentingproblems composed ofthree two-dimensional black-and-white stimuli, two identical (S-) and one different (S+). In the first experimental stage, a single problem per session was presented until learning criterion was reached. In the second experimen...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Hille P,Dehnhardt G,Mauck B

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Pineño O,Miller RR

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Howard, Avargues-Weber, Garcia, Greentree, and Dyer (Science Advances, 5,1-6, 2019) report experiments in which honeybees initially shown a number of shapes could subsequently choose a pattern that added or subtracted one from that number. Further, the operations of addition and subtraction were cued by the colors of ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Roberts WA

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study by Saunders, Richard, Margolis, and Janak (2018) shows that there is a great deal left to learn about what different mesotelencephalic dopamine circuits contribute to learning about the motivational significance of reward-related cues. Their findings suggest that nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pa...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Ostlund SB

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is thought that within-compound associations are necessary for the occurrence of both backward blocking and unovershadowing, it is not known whether this variable plays a similar role in mediating the two phenomena. Similarly, the roles of within-compound associations in forward blocking and in reduced ove...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Luque D,Flores A,Vadillo MA

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dwyer DM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pearce, Dopson, Haselgrove, and Esber (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 167-179, 2012) conducted a series of experiments with rats and pigeons in which the conditioned responding elicited by two types of redundant cue was compared. One of these redundant cues was a blocked cue X from ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Jones PM,Pearce JM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of test stimulus range on generalization gradients in humans were assessed for discriminations between faces that varied in brightness, faces that varied in orientation in the picture plane, and morphed faces. In Experiment 1, significant range effects, predicted by adaptation level theory, occurred when f...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Verbeek EL,Spetch ML,Cheng K,Clifford CW

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Molet M,Miller HC,Laude JR,Kirk C,Manning B,Zentall TR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We trained 7 pigeons to discriminate visual displays of 16 same items from displays of 16 different items. The specific stimulus features of the items and the relations among the items could serve as discriminative stimuli. Unlike in most studies of same-different discrimination behavior, we gave a small number of pro...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gibson BM,Wasserman EA

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior reduced as a consequence of extinction or intervention can relapse. According to behavioral momentum theory, the extent to which behavior persists and relapses once it has been eliminated depends on the relative training reinforcement rate among discriminative stimuli. In addition, studies of context renewal ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Miranda-Dukoski L,Bensemann J,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, we examined the effect of response-outcome relations on human ratings of causal efficacy and demonstrated that such efficacy ratings transfer to novel situations through derived stimulus relations. Causal efficacy ratings were higher, and probability of an outcome given a response was lower, for ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Dack C,McHugh L,Reed P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactivity to a reward is affected by prior experience with the different reinforcer values of that reward, a phenomenon known as incentive relativity, which can be studied using the consummatory succesive negative contrast (cSNC) paradigm, in which the performance of animals that receive a 4 % sucrose solution after ...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Justel N,Pautassi R,Mustaca A

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to ex...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Beran MJ,Hopper LM,de Waal FB,Brosnan SF,Sayers K

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does the effectiveness of guiding cues influence the development of motor skill autonomy? We utilized two sets of guiding cues (lights vs. reversed-lights conditions) that differed in their effectiveness to control a left-right leverpress sequence in rats. We separately measured the development of stimulus control...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Reid AK,Demarco G,Smith K,Fort T,Cousins E

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although social play is common to many species, humans are unique in their ability to extract some of the benefits of social play through imagination. For example, in play with imaginary companions (ICs), children often practice skills that might be useful for later adaptive social, relational, and emotional functioni...

journal_title：Learning & behavior

authors： Gleason TR

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00