Abstract:
:Powers et al. (2017, Science, 357(6351), 596-600) report that Pavlovian conditioning can result in the perception of a stimulus in its absence, and that this effect is related to hallucinations outside the laboratory. Considered alongside similar studies in animals, this suggests that associatively produced perceptual processing offers a means to study hallucination-like behaviour in the animal laboratory.
journal_name
Learn Behavjournal_title
Learning & behaviorauthors
Dwyer DMdoi
10.3758/s13420-017-0309-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-01 00:00:00pages
223-224issue
3eissn
1543-4494issn
1543-4508pii
10.3758/s13420-017-0309-7journal_volume
46pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract::Proops, Grounds, Smith, and McComb (2018) suggest that horses remember previous emotional expressions of specific humans, and use these memories to adjust their behavior in future social interactions. Despite some methodological shortcomings, this study raises important questions on the complexity of social interactio...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0363-9
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although social play is common to many species, humans are unique in their ability to extract some of the benefits of social play through imagination. For example, in play with imaginary companions (ICs), children often practice skills that might be useful for later adaptive social, relational, and emotional functioni...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0284-z
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present research examined the temporal distribution of responding in a lick suppression paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with either a 30- or a 120-s conditioned stimulus (CS), which was followed either by a footshock (unconditioned stimulus [US]) or nothing. Licking during the CS was suppressed only i...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-010-0012-4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings have indicated that European starlings perceive overall spectral shape and use this, rather than absolute pitch or timbre, to generalize between similar melodic progressions. This finding highlights yet another parallel between human and avian vocal communication systems and has many biological implica...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0237-y
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pet dogs are known to be responsive to human pointing gestures, but shelter dogs have repeatedly demonstrated poor abilities to follow human pointing, although they can be explicitly trained quickly. This study evaluated the time course in which shelter dogs learn to follow points without explicit training, when given...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00415-8
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments, we assessed the role of signals for changes in the consequences of cues as a potential account of the renewal effect. Experiment 1 showed recovery of responding following extinction when acquisition, extinction, and test phases occurred in different contexts. In addition, extinction treatment in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196034
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We trained 7 pigeons to discriminate visual displays of 16 same items from displays of 16 different items. The specific stimulus features of the items and the relations among the items could serve as discriminative stimuli. Unlike in most studies of same-different discrimination behavior, we gave a small number of pro...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196019
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In seven experiments, 2 squirrel monkeys were given choices between arrays of food that varied in the quantity offered. In Experiments 1-5, the monkeys were offered choices between quantities of the same food that varied in a 2:1 ratio. The squirrel monkeys failed to show the temporal myopia effect or a decrease in pr...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196035
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When humans procrastinate, they delay completing a required relatively aversive task. In the present experiments with pigeons, we considered the possibility that completing the task close to the deadline results in the formation of a stronger conditioned reinforcer. In Experiment 1, pigeons were given a choice between...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00397-2
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::I review literature on four different approaches to the study of traditions in animals: observation of free-living animals, laboratory experiment, armchair analysis, and field experiment. Because, by definition, a tradition entails social learning of some kind, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish that a ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3758/bf03196006
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the rate of acquisition and strength of retention of conditioned context aversion (CCA) with conditioned taste aversion (CTA) using pigmented, genetically heterogeneous mice (derived from Large and Small strains). Extending previous findings, in Experiment 1, mice accustomed to drinking from large glass bo...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0303-0
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delay of reinforcement is generally thought to be inversely correlated with speed of acquisition. However, in the case of simultaneous discrimination learning, in which choice results in immediate reinforcement, delay of reinforcement can improve acquisition. For example, in the ephemeral reward task, animals are give...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00407-3
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Socially learned behavior can be a crucial factor in how animals interact with their environment and, thus, in conservation and management. For species in which social learning and culture are important determinants of behavior, several factors complicate conservation and management. These include the rapid spread of ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/LB.38.3.329
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cognition in animals. Broadly, these hypotheses fall under two categories: those that pertain to the selective pressures exerted either by sociality or by the ecological niche in which animals live. We review these ideas and then ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3758/s13420-020-00445-2
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, we examined the discrimination of photographs of individual pigeons by pigeons, using go/no-go discrimination procedures. In Experiments 1A and 1B, the pigeons were trained to discriminate 4 photographs of one pigeon from those of a number of pigeons. The subjects learned the discrimination, but th...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195993
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior categorization studies have shown that pigeons reliably track features that are relevant to category discrimination. In these studies, category exemplars contained two relevant and two irrelevant features; therefore, category density (specifically, the relevant to irrelevant information ratio) was relatively hig...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00372-x
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study by Saunders, Richard, Margolis, and Janak (2018) shows that there is a great deal left to learn about what different mesotelencephalic dopamine circuits contribute to learning about the motivational significance of reward-related cues. Their findings suggest that nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pa...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-018-0370-x
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined whether adult humans' tool selections in a stick-and-tube problem might resemble previously published results of crows' selections if people had more experience solving the problem or were presented with a more ambiguous problem. In Experiments 1a and 1b, when given multiple opportunities to...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0069-3
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats received three-trial series on a T-maze consisting of extended visually distinct left-black and right-striped side runways. During the first phase of training, when allowed to select baited runways within these series, they predominantly alternated their choices. During the second phase, rats received forced-choi...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196045
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three Pavlovian magazine approach experiments, rats received conditioning of auditory and visual stimuli by pairing with a pellet. Then the stimuli received additional conditioning while presented in simultaneous compound and were tested either immediately or after a delay. The compound conditioning resulted in a d...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03192867
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0065-7
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted three experiments to investigate the associative structure underlying the reinstatement of instrumental performance after extinction. In each experiment, rats were initially rewarded on two responses with different outcomes. At test, both responses were extinguished in order to assess the impact of a sing...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03196073
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-016-0256-8
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four trace-conditioning experiments with rats, the influence on the blocking of differences between the blocking cue-unconditioned stimulus (US) and the blocked cue-US trace intervals was explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated blocking despite the blocked cue's having a shorter trace interval than the blocking cue in ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/lb.36.2.92
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Howard, Avargues-Weber, Garcia, Greentree, and Dyer (Science Advances, 5,1-6, 2019) report experiments in which honeybees initially shown a number of shapes could subsequently choose a pattern that added or subtracted one from that number. Further, the operations of addition and subtraction were cued by the colors of ...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-019-00382-9
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appetitive, aversive and avoidance responses to a flavoured solution in distinct contexts were examined. Rats placed in either a white or black box were given access to saccharin. Consumption was followed by an injection of a toxin in one but not the other box. Rats showed more aversive responses in anticipation of an...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-010-0008-0
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infants' memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw ta...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3758/bf03195974
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systematic variations in the rate and temporal patterns of responding under a multiple concurrent-chains schedule were quantified using recurrence metrics and self-organizing maps to assess whether individual rats showed consistent or idiosyncratic patterns. The results indicated that (1) the temporal regularity of re...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-015-0182-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hungry rats were trained in a two-lever conditioning chamber to earn food reinforcement according to either a win-shift/lose-stay or a win-stay/lose-shift contingency. Performance on the two contingencies was similar when there was little delay between the initial, information part of the trial (i.e., win or lose) and...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-017-0289-7
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We frame behavior in classical conditioning experiments as the product of normative statistical inference. According to this theory, animals learn an internal model of their environment from experience. The basic building blocks of this internal model are latent causes-explanatory constructs inferred by the animal tha...
journal_title:Learning & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3758/s13420-012-0080-8
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00