Abstract：
:This study was undertaken to develop a new Gram-staining machine controlled by a micro-controller and to investigate the quality of slides that were stained in the machine. The machine was designed and produced by the authors. It uses standard 220 V AC. Staining, washing, and drying periods are controlled by a timer built in the micro-controller. A software was made that contains a certain algorithm and time intervals for the staining mode. One-hundred and forty smears were prepared from Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria sp., blood culture, trypticase soy broth, direct pus and sputum smears for comparison studies. Half of the slides in each group were stained with the machine, the other half by hand and then examined by four different microbiologists. Machine-stained slides had a higher clarity and less debris than the hand-stained slides (p < 0.05). In hand-stained slides, some Gram-positive organisms showed poor Gram-positive staining features (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that Gram staining with the automatic machine increases the staining quality and helps to decrease the work load in a busy diagnostic laboratory.
journal_name
Folia Microbiol (Praha)journal_title
Folia microbiologicaauthors
Felek S,Arslan Adoi
10.1007/BF02818557keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
333-7issue
3eissn
0015-5632issn
1874-9356journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Resistance determinants for HgCl2 and CdCl2 were eliminated along with a number of antibiotic resistance factors from Acinetobacter lwoffi and Micrococcus sp. at 44 degrees C. These organisms were orginally resistant to HgCl2, merbromin, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, carbenicillin, tetracycline and ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02925907
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutants of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus, blocked in the biosynthesis of anthracycline antibiotics of the daunomycine complex, were isolated from the production strains after treatment with UV light, gamma-radiation, nitrous acid, and after natural selection; according to their different biosynthetic activity the mutan...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02876678
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulatory mechanism of primary metabolism responsible for the biosynthesis of peptide ergot alkaloids was proposed on the basis of experimental results from the production phase of Claviceps purpurea (FR.) Tul. in parasitic and saprophytic cultures. The production-phase metabolism is characterized by uncoupling of gl...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02927365
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidizing and assimilating ability of the yeast Candida utilis 49 was tested with 21 different low-boiling organic compounds which come as components of raw synthetic ethanol. The highest yields of yeast dry weight were obtained with ethanol (72.0%), propanol (48.2%), ethyl acetate (43.4%) and acetic acid (34.2%). To ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02876965
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is proposed that the transcription of the c-2 repressor gene initiates at two promoters, pre and prm, similarly to the transcription of the c-I gene of lambda phage. In the P22 phage, these promoters are defined by mutations of c54 and K5. ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02876780
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yellow-green alga Trachydiscus minutus (class Xanthophyta) was cultivated in a standard medium and in media without sulfur and nitrogen. Its yield after a 16-d cultivation reached 13 g dry mass per 1 L medium. The content of oligoenoic ('polyenoic') fatty acid (PUFA), i.e. eicosapentaenoic (EPA), was in excess of ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-010-0039-0
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody response to major porin proteins of S. Typhi (OmpC and OmpF) was evaluated in sera of typhoid patients (culture positive, n = 28; Widal positive, n = 16). Sera from fever patients (n = 6) having etiology other than Salmonella, and normal healthy human controls (n = 18) were also included. No significant diffe...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-010-0086-6
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The survival of Herbaspirillum spp. cells added directly or encapsulated in alginate beads and colonization of wheat roots was evaluated in soil microcosms. Cells entrapped in alginate in the presence of JNFb-broth and introduced into unplanted non-sterile clay loamy and sandy soils survived better than cells added di...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02825879
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biological activity and the presence of genes sfp and ituD (surfactin and iturin A) among Bacillus strains isolated from the Amazon basin were determined. Bacillus spp. were tested for hemolytic activity and inhibition of fungal growth by agar plate assays in parallel with PCR for identification of sfp and ituD ge...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-011-0056-7
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Distribution of microtubules and F-actin in aerobically growing cells of Dipodascus magnusii, belonging to the class Saccharomycetes was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy and labeling with rhodamine-tagged phalloidin. A conspicuous system of permanent cytoplasmic microtubules was observed in association wit...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02930952
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The properties of the 37400 oncogenic strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are described. This strain was derived from the VI lysogenic strain originally isolated by Hamilton from a Zinnia elegans tumour. Strain 37400 has a number of properties which render it suitable for quantitative and genetic studies. It is cured ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02876963
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assumption that the pyruvate decarboxylase activity of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis is the main limiting factor determining the formation rate and the total amount of d(--)-l-hydroxy-l-phenyl-propanone (phenylacetylcarbinol, PAC) produced was not confirmed. An increase of about 30% of the total amount of the PAC p...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02877396
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzyme synthesis of tryptophan from indole, pyruvate and ammonium salts was studied using Escherichia coli cells exhibiting a significant tryptophanase activity. In addition to the effect of cultivation medium composition and cultivation conditions, factors affecting the course of the conversion were investigated. Pro...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02820485
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium fluoride showed pH-dependent physiological responses in the two test microalgae Anabaena khannae and Chlorococcum humicola. A. khannae showed severe membrane damage with fluoride at low pH with leakage of pigments and electrolytes. Annihilation of photosynthesis along with inhibition in 14C uptake was observed ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02931045
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition activity of the alkaloid (-)-corypalmine on spore germination of plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi (Alternaria solani, A brassicicola, A. brassicae, A. melongenae, Curvularia pallescens, C. lunata, C. maculans, Curvularisa sp., Colletotrichum sp., Helminthosporium speciferum, H. frumentacei, H. pennise...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02817654
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive use of antibiotics contributes to the selection of resistant bacteria and intestinal colonization with multiresistant pathogens poses a risk factor for subsequent infections. The present study assessed vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) carriage rates in patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital. S...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-019-00751-x
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work was aimed to develop a multiplex PCR assay to detect infectious agents such as Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Fusarium sp, Leveillula taurica, and begomoviruses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Specific primer sets of each pathogen were designed based on intergenic ribosomal RNA sequ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-012-0206-6
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five arsenic-resistant bacterial strains (designated MP1400, MP1400a, MP1400d, APSLA3, and BPSLA3) were isolated from soils collected at the Alps region (Italy), which showed no contamination by arsenic. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned them to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Bacillus...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-011-0010-8
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of Helicobacter pylori cells with several chaotropic agents resulted in different degrees of inhibition in the binding of the bacteria to hemin and Congo-red dye. Polyanions also yielded a >50% inhibitory effect. Furthermore, hydrophobic interaction chromatography was used to determine the relative surface h...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-011-0043-z
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizae-associated basidiomycetes was determined in oakbirch forest using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. The data were correlated with actual soil humidity, pH, electric conductivity of the soil extract, absorbance A(465) and A(665) of water and alk...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-010-0076-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical properties of a termostable alkaline phosphatase obtained from the mycelium extract of A. caespitosus were described. The enzyme was purified 42-fold with 32% recovery by DEAE-cellulose and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. The molar mass estimated by Sephacryl S-200 or by 7% SDS-PAGE was 138 kDa an...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02931303
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigation of the dependence of cell yield of Candida boidinii in a chemostat and specific growth rate in a turbidostat on temperature was carried out using methanol as substrate. Each of the curves obtained had only one maximum, the optimum temperature for yield (Ys) and for specific growth rate (micron) being som...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02885600
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacillus subtilis strains expressing listeriolysin O (LLO) and simultaneously LLO and p60 protein were constructed. The effect of p60 protein on hemolytic activity and on the invasion of professional phagocytes was demonstrated in the absence of other virulence factors of L. monocytogenes. The hemolytic activity of LL...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02931440
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five trisubstituted quinazolones and eight trisubstituted quinazoline-4-thiones have been tested for antibacterial effects by a microdilution method. Four derivatives exerted a significant effect on E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis (IC50 < 100 mg/L). In the bacterium P. aeruginosa six quinazolines sho...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02817411
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial metabolites with communicative functions could provide protection against stress conditions to members of the same species. Yet, information remains limited about protection provided by metabolites in Bacillus cereus and inter-species. This study investigated the effect of extracellular compounds derived fro...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-016-0487-2
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 368 rotavirus RNA-positive (PAGE) stool samples collected continually during 1992-95 from infants and young children under five years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were serotyped using an enzyme immunoassay with VP7-specific monoclonal antibodies (ELISA with MAbs) for serotypes G1-G4. The s...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02817421
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infiltration of immune cells into CNS is one of the essential events in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. Adhesion molecules like the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) play critical role in this process. Therefore, the ICAM1 gene containing two important single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belongs to ca...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-017-0499-6
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cord and newborn sera were found to possess a significantly decreased in vitro bactericidal activity to Escherichia coli as compared to sera of adult individuals. Hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates suffering from both Rh and ABO incompatibility results in a further significant impairment of the bactericidal activity of t...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02927298
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparative examination of reduced methyl [MV·](+) and benzyl [BV·](+) viologens (as artificial electron donors for quantitative estimation of the respiratory periplasmic (Nap) and membrane-embedded (Nar) nitrate reductases) using a newly constructed nap mutant strain of Paracocccus denitrificans was done. The activ...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12223-011-0004-6
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one healthy bottle-fed infants were screened monthly (1-4 months) for bifidobacteria in their stools. Bifidobacteria were detected by culture and isolates specified by PCR. Alternatively, direct PCR in undiluted fecal suspensions was carried out for detection of bifidobacteria under the cultural detection level...
journal_title：Folia microbiologica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02931594
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
