Abstract:
:Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare slow-growing tumors with distinct histological, biological, and clinical characteristics that have increased in incidence and prevalence within the last few decades. They contain chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase which are necessary for making a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. Ki-67 index and mitotic index correlate with cellular proliferation. Serum chromogranin A is the most commonly used biomarker to assess the bulk of disease and monitor treatment and is raised in both functioning and non-functioning neuroendocrine tumors. Most of the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are non-functional. World Health Organization updated the classification of neuroendocrine tumors in 2017 and renamed mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma into mixed neuroendocrine neoplasm. Gastric neuroendocrine tumors arise from enterochromaffin like cells. They are classified into 4 types. Only type I and type II are gastrin dependent. Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor is the most common small bowel malignancy. More than two-third of them occur in the terminal ileum within 60 cm of ileocecal valve. Patients with small intestinal neuroendrocrine tumors frequently show clinical symptoms and develop distant metastases more often than those with neuroendocrine tumors of other organs. Duodenal and jejuno-ileal neuroendocrine tumors are distinct biologically and clinically. Carcinoid syndrome generally occurs when jejuno-ileal neuroendocrine tumors metastasize to the liver. Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors are generally detected after appendectomy. Colonic neuroendocrine tumors generally present as a large tumor with local or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors are increasingly being diagnosed since the implementation of screening colonoscopy in 2000. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are diagnosed and staged by endoscopy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound, serology of biomarkers, imaging studies and functional somatostatin scans. Various treatment options are available for curative and palliative treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.
journal_name
World J Gastrointest Oncoljournal_title
World journal of gastrointestinal oncologyauthors
Ahmed Mdoi
10.4251/wjgo.v12.i8.791subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-15 00:00:00pages
791-807issue
8issn
1948-5204journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Even though during these last decades gastric cancer incidence decreased in Western countries, it remains endemic and with a high incidence in Eastern countries. The survival in advanced and metastatic stage of gastric cancer is still very poor. Rece...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.303
更新日期:2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To study tumor response, and tolerability of arterially directed embolic therapy (ADET) with polyethylene glycol embolics loaded with irinotecan for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRC-LM). Secondary objectives were to monitor quality of life, time to progression and survival of patients. METH...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i9.379
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite significant advances in imaging techniques, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in recent years, with many cases still being diagnosed in advanced stages. Early detection and accurate staging remain the main factors that lead to a decrease in the cost and invasiveness of the curative techniq...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i12.465
更新日期:2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Progress in the molecular oncology of gastrointestinal carcinomas depends on high quality cancer tissues for research. Recent acceleration on new technological platforms as well as the "omics" revolution increases the demands on tissues and peripheral blood for research at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels. Tissue bank...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i1.5
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has a high tumor incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Despite significant improvements in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy for GI cancer over the last decade, GI cancer is characterized by high recurrence rates and a dismal prognosis. There is an urgent need for new diag...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i1.1
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::5-flurouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the main pharmacological therapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite significant progress in the treatment of CRC during the last decades, 5-FU drug resistance remains the most important cause of failure in CRC therapy. Resistance to 5-FU is a complex and multistep ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i9.942
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the esophagus are rare. Tracheoesophageal fistulas mainly arise from solid esophageal carcinoma or mediastinal malignancies. Our patient presented with cough, dysphagia and weight loss, and upon initial computed tomography imaging and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a malignant mass in the...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i10.431
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Low rectal cancer is traditionally treated by abdominoperineal resection. In recent years, several new techniques for the treatment of very low rectal cancer patients aiming to preserve the gastrointestinal continuity and to improve both the oncological as well as the functional outcomes, have been emerged. Literature...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i7.55
更新日期:2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To identify genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human base excision repair gene NEIL1 in gastric cancer patients. METHODS:The NEIL1 promoter region in DNA from 80 Japanese patients with gastric cancer was searched for genetic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation pol...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i2.117
更新日期:2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::While the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) have declined due to public health programs, it remains the third deadliest cancer worldwide. For patients with early disease, innovative endoscopic and complex surgical techniques have improved survival. However, for patients with advanced disease, there are li...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i7.509
更新日期:2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer research over the past decades has focused on neoplastic cells, or a fraction of them, i.e. tumor stem cells, as the ultimate causes of tumorigenesis. However, during recent years, scientists have come to realize that tumorigenesis is not a solo act of neoplastic cells, but rather a cooperative process in which...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i5.218
更新日期:2010-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pathological manifestations of hepatic tumours are often associated with prognosis. Although surgical specimens (SS) can provide more information, currently, pre-treatment needle core biopsy (NCB) is increasingly showing important value in understanding the nature of liver tumors and even in diagnosis and tr...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.404
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Sorafenib is the only food and drug administration (FDA) approved as first line systemic treatment in HCC. Regorafenib and nivolumab are the only FDA approved s...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i5.108
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past couple of decades considerable progress has been made in the management of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) leading to a significant improvement in five-year survival. Although part of this success has been rightly attributed to aggressive surgical management and advances in other adjunct treatments,...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i1.99
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To correct the misclassification in registered gastric cancer incidence across Iranian provinces in cancer registry data. METHODS:Gastric cancer data is extracted from Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2008. A Bayesian method with beta prior is implemented to estimate the rate of misclassificat...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i2.87
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that colorectal cancer develops from a series of precursor epithelial polyps, including tubular adenomas, villous/tubulovillous adenomas (VA/TVA), sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). Of these, TSAs are least common and account for only 5% of all serrated poly...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i12.805
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a high risk factor for biliary tract cancer. In PBM, since the pancreatic duct and bile duct converge outside the duodenal wall beyond the influence of the sphincter of Oddi, pancreatic juice and bile are constantly mixed, producing a variety of harmful substances. Because of th...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i3.130
更新日期:2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to minimize the limitations of laparoscopy, a robotic surgery system was introduced, but its role for gastric cancer is still unclear. The objective of this article is to assess the current status of robotic surgery for gastric cancer and to predict future prospects. Although the current study was limited...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v3.i10.137
更新日期:2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent large scale molecular characterisation studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in CCA which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. In this review we explore the genomic...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i7.268
更新日期:2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To investigate p16 gene methylation and its expression in 30 patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma in a North Indian population. METHODS:Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect p16 gene methylation and immunohistochemistry was used to study the p16 expression in 30 sporadic col...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i7.295
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of single-stranded RNA of more than 200 nucleotides in length and have no protein-coding function. Amounting studies have indicated that lncRNAs could play a vital role in the initiation and development of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Considering the cruci...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i2.139
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among adults. The disease begins as a benign adenomatous polyp, which develops into an advanced adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and then progresses to an invasive cancer. Appropriate apoptotic signaling is fundamentally important to preserve a health...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i8.583
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Standard pancreatic resections, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, or total pancreatectomy, result in an important loss of normal pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of exocrine and endocrine function. Whilst these procedures are mandatory for malignant tumors, they seem to be too exten...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i6.272
更新日期:2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::A field defect is a field of pre-malignant tissue in which a new cancer is likely to arise. Field defects often appear to be histologically normal under the microscope. Recent research indicates that cells within a field defect characteristically have an increased frequency of epigenetic alterations and these may be f...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v5.i3.43
更新日期:2013-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) arising from the large intrahepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic hilar bile ducts share clinicopathological features and have been called hilar and perihilar CC as a group. However, "hilar and perihilar CC" are also used to refer exclusively to the intrahepatic hilar type CC or, more commonly, t...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v5.i7.159
更新日期:2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Surgery remains the only chance of cure for pancreatic cancer, but only 15%-25% of patients present with resectable disease at the time of primary diagnosis. Important goals in clinical research must therefore be to allow early detection with suitable diagnostic procedures, to further broaden operation techniques and ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i3.248
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric metastases from lung adenocarcinoma are rare. Because gastric metastasis grossly resembles advanced gastric cancer, it is difficult to diagnose gastric metastasis especially when the histology of the primary lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. We describe a case of gastric metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinom...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type:
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i3.12
更新日期:2015-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Kinesin super family 23 (KIF23) is a member of the KIF family, and it plays an important role in mitosis and cytokinesis. Loss of expression can cause mitotic arrest. The Oncomine database is one of the largest oncogene chip databases in the world, and is an integrated data mining platform for cancer gene in...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v12.i10.1104
更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Pseudomembranous colitis is a well known complication of antibiotic treatment that can also be observed, albeit rarely, with certain chemotherapeutic agents. We present four cases of severe colitis in patients undergoing treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy for pan...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i10.390
更新日期:2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the aging of the population, prevalence of medical checkups, and advances in imaging studies, the number of pancreatic cystic lesions detected has increased. Once these lesions are detected, neoplastic cysts should be differentiated from non-neoplastic cysts. Furthermore, because of the malignant potential ...
journal_title:World journal of gastrointestinal oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i2.159
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00