Abstract:
:The antigen receptors on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes are complexes of several integral membrane proteins, essential for their proper expression and function. Recent studies demonstrated that transmembrane (TM) domains of the components of these receptors play a critical role in their association and function. It was specifically demonstrated that in many cases point mutations in the TM domains can partially or completely disrupt the receptor surface expression and function. Here we review studies of the TM domains of B- and T-cell receptors. Furthermore, we use a novel method, PHDtopology, to provide estimates of the exact locations and lengths of the TM domains of the subunit components of these receptors. Most previous studies used single residue hydrophobicity as a criterion for determining the position and length of the TM domains. In contrast, PHDtopology utilizes a system of neural networks and the evolutionary information contained in multiple alignments of related sequences to predict the location, length, and orientation of transmembrane helices. Present results significantly differ from most published estimates of the TM domains of the B- and T-cell receptor components, primarily in the length of the TM domains. These results may lead to modification of putative TM motifs and re-interpretation of the results of studies using mutated TM domains. The availability of PHDtopology on the Internet would make it a valuable tool in the future studies of the TM domains of integral membrane proteins.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Zidovetzki R,Rost B,Pecht Idoi
10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00100-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
97-107issue
2-3eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(98)00100-Xjournal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Seroma is a frequent complication of breast cancer surgery, the etiology of which remains indefinite. It represents a subcutaneous accumulation of fluid frequently reported after surgical procedures such as axillary lymph node dissection. Despite previous studies have associated seroma fluid to an inflammatory exudate...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2010.03.002
更新日期:2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Early diagnosis and immediately started appropriate treatment are mandatory for the prevention of radiographic progression, functional disability and unfavourable disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current classification criteria for RA include two different types of biomarkers representing inflammatory...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.010
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In several diseases where the immune system plays an important role there has been a tremendous progress in treatment efficacy during the last decades. Based on necessary basic science these improvements are results of rapid, numerous and open-minded clinical trials where pieces of positive results step by step have b...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.02.006
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the appearance of natural antibodies in C57BL/6 mice, measured by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test against syngeneic radiation leukemia virus-induced lymphoma, was performed. Activity could be detected in sera from 5- to 14-month-old animals. This activity could be attributed mainly to IgM antibodi...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(81)90074-2
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Others have reported that a monoclonal anti-human IL-2 receptor antibody (anti-CD25) specifically binds a membrane receptor on Xenopus laevis PHA-induced and paraformaldehyde-fixed splenic blasts. In this paper, we present evidence suggesting that this binding is an artifact of membrane damage. Specifically, significa...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90151-f
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of purified human C5 with hydrogen peroxide leads to a reduction of functional activity in the classical immune haemolysis assay. The effect of H2O2 is enhanced by traces of iron-EDTA, and becomes even stronger when ascorbic acid is present in addition. The enhancement by iron and protective effects of vario...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(87)90103-9
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has been identified as a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of IL-37 in serum and in peritoneal fluid to determine its clinical significance in endometriosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to examine serum IL-37 levels i...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.012
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human deficiency in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is characterized by a very low surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in hematopoietic and non hematopoietic cells. Among the latter, TAP-deficient skin fibroblasts have previously been shown by us to be very sensit...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2006.07.010
更新日期:2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A quantitative approach was applied to the study of in vivo expression of foreign genes introduced into mice by ballistic transfection. Because in some cases one must take into account both the level of synthesized protein and that of antibodies to it, we derived the equation which allows to calculate the exact quanti...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00269-8
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study we have shown that, in response to electrical stimulation, there is a substantial release of noradrenaline (NA) from the sympathetic nerve terminals of the rat thymus which is of axonal, vesicular origin. In the present study neurochemical evidence was obtained that the release of NA is subject to ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(95)00085-j
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunodeficiencies can lead to alterations of the gut microbiome that render it pathogenic and capable of transmitting disease to naïve hosts. Here, we review the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, the innate receptor for bacterial flagellin, in immune responses to the normal gut microbiota with a focus its role on a...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.017
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease and its early and precise diagnosis is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients. Since the routine diagnostic tests (like Monteux, AFB smear microscopy, chest X-Ray) do not give infallible results, additional tests are always recommended. Therefore to add...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.010
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-33 is an IL-1 family cytokine which signals via its T1/ST2 receptor, and acts as a key regulator of inflammation. This study aims to measure the expression of soluble ST2 (sST2) and IL-33 in endometriosis. We investigated thirty women with laparoscopic and histopathological confirmed endometriosis and 20 c...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.002
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is one of the major immune and inflammation factors responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Deregulated TGF-β activity, especially its influence in peritoneal cytokine cross-talk, has been implicated in pathologies ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.011
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protective immunity against Salmonella infection is known to require CD4 Th1 cells and B cells, but the role of MHC class-I-restricted CD8 T cells is less clear. Previous studies have suggested that CD8 T cells participate in secondary, but not primary, bacterial clearance. However, these studies have used experimenta...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2012.10.009
更新日期:2012-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate whether human equivalents of murine T helper cell subsets can be demonstrated by propagation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with either recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL) 2 or rhIL4 in the presence of neutralising antibodies. Cells of both cultures, termed T-IL...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(91)90142-w
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clone C19 derived from a rat bladder cancer cell line BC31ad constitutively released cytotoxic factor RCF. The serum-free C19-conditioned medium was partially purified by DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200 and MonoQ-FPLC chromatographies to the specific activity of 6.4 x 10(6) U/mg protein (LM assay). RCF was a 17-kDa pro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(94)90051-5
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that the receptors for the Fc portion of IgG molecules (Fc gamma R) are widely distributed in cells of the immune system. The expression of Fc gamma R enables monocytes and neutrophils to destroy antibody-coated target cells through the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. In add...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(91)90182-a
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herein, we summarize the steps of a common scientific path taken by the two Guest Editors, an Anesthesiologist (EA) and an Immunologist (AS), and started 25 years ago at the National Cancer Institute in Rome. When in 1980 WHO codified the usage of opioids for cancer pain relief, it was matter of debate whether only di...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.011
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is an abnormal immune response to infection characterized by an overwhelming systemic inflammation and cell death. Non-apoptotic cell death pertaining to pyroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy contribute to sepsis pathogenesis apart from classical apoptotic cell death. The objective of the current study is to in...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.009
更新日期:2021-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled rapid and efficient evaluation of the mutational landscape of cancers. As a result, many cancer-specific neoantigens, which can generate antitumor cytotoxic T-cells inside tumors, have been identified. Previously, we reported a metastatic melanoma case with hi...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.004
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African swine fever (ASF) virus has been reported to infect cells of the monocyte family, probably macrophage-like cells, but there is variation in the apparent susceptibility of these cells. We have demonstrated that the phenotype and activity of porcine monocytic cells varies between different isolations and also up...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(93)90136-p
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have dealt with occurrence of dendritic cells in various nonlymphoid organs such as kidney, liver or heart, whereas lymphocyte patterns in these organs have not been analyzed in detail. In the present study, leukocytes were quantified as cells/mm2 in the perivascular, interstitial and parenchymal tiss...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(96)02595-3
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLR) are critical in the activation of macrophages by bacterial products. It has been shown that TLR2 and TLR4 mediate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoproteins signal transduction, respectively. Regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression by LPS was considered to be one of the mechanisms to control th...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00010-x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several components of the microbial wall of gram-positive bacteria and fungi possess immunostimulatory properties, their pathogenetic role remains incompletely evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess the basic immune status of patients susceptible to infections and their capability for cytokine pro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.014
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An isogenic pair of virulent and avirulent Yersinia enterocolitica O9 strains was used to examine the influence of the virulence plasmid on the non-specific modification of the cellular immunity in BALB/c mice after experimental infection with yersiniae. The modification of contact hypersensitivity response to dinitro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(95)02481-6
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammation that affects the large vessels; however, its etiology is still unknown. Human serum paraoxonase hydrolyzes oxidized lipids into low-density lipoproteins and could therefore be associated with the prevalence of inflammation processes. Therefore, the purpose ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2013.04.005
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The observation that protective immunity induced by immunization with radiation attenuated Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites is dependent on CD8+ T lymphocytes in some strains of mice led us to speculate that immunization with sporozoites induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize malaria ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90087-7
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D (vitD) is involved in important regulatory functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. So, it has been hypothesized that vitD might influence the course of atopic dermatitis (AD). Also obesity may have impact on immune system. The aim of our study was to investigate vitamin D status and bod...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) is a widely expressed serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in cell death and transcriptional regulation, but its mechanism of regulation remains unknown. Here, we identified threonine-265 (Thr265) in ZIPK as a major autophosphorylation site. Mutational analyses reve...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2005.10.015
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00