Abstract：
:Early diagnosis and immediately started appropriate treatment are mandatory for the prevention of radiographic progression, functional disability and unfavourable disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current classification criteria for RA include two different types of biomarkers representing inflammatory processes, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or immune processes including autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). After the discovery of RF, the recent recognition of various autoantibodies against post-translationally modified proteins opened new avenues to diagnosing RA and predicting the course of the disease. Citrullination and carbamylation of amino acids generate new epitopes that can potentially promote the production of novel autoantibodies. In spite of growing knowledge, the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies is still not fully elucidated in RA. In this paper, we review the currently available and novel promising immune biomarkers, which may help in early diagnosis and estimating prognosis in RA.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Nakken B,Papp G,Bosnes V,Zeher M,Nagy G,Szodoray Pdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-01 00:00:00pages
13-18eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(17)30207-9journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The antischistosomal property of a short course of cyclosporin A (CsA), administered at the time of infection was demonstrated in the rat. In comparison with vehicle-treated controls, no schistosomes were recovered from CsA-treated animals, 18-19 days post infection. Flow cytometric analysis of blood and spleen lympho...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(88)90086-7
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibrous plaques and intimal thickenings of 5 femoral and 5 iliac human arteries obtained at surgery were processed for indirect and double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy using an affinity purified rabbit IgG anti-C5b-9 neoantigen and the EBM 11 monoclonal antibody anti-human macrophages. The C5b-9 complexes were l...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(89)90039-4
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell-surface glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) bind to processed foreign antigens and present them to T lymphocytes. Two classes of MHC molecules and their corresponding gene sequences have been extensively studied in eutherian mammals and birds, but data on the marsupial MHC are ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00314-x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Development of novel bi-functional or even tri-functional Fab-effector fusion proteins would have a great potential in the biomedical sciences. However, the expression of Fab-effector fusion proteins in Escherichia coli is problematic especially when a eukaryotic effector moiety is genetically linked to a Fab due to t...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.008
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional indirect haemagglutination test was performed in rhesus monkey sera (collected from Plasmodium knowlesi infected animals) with and without prior treatment of sera with 2-mercapto-ethanol (2-ME). Surprisingly, many sera samples showed significant enhancement of final titre with 2-ME. The 2-ME enhancement e...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90090-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral blood from 11 newly diagnosed patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was studied for the proportion of monoclonal antibody (HNK 1, Leu 7) defined natural killer (NK) cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyzer. The proportion of Leu 7+ cells in patients with IDDM (7.0 +/- 4.0...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90056-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a T cell-derived cytokine modulating T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell responses. To determine whether IL-21 contributes to pathologic processes, recombinant IL-21 receptor (R) fusion protein (rhIL-21R-Fc) was examined in mice models of autoimmune arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis)....
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.09.007
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoglobulin species, recombined from Fab and Fc fragments with anti-red cell specificity were used as cytophilic antibodies in studies of triggering the effector activity of immunoglobulins. Recombinant immunoglobulins containing a single Fab' appeared inactive in binding to cell receptors and triggering antibody d...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90046-4
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flt3 ligand, a recently described growth factor affecting early hematopoietic progenitor cells, can also support the expansion of dendritic cells secreting IL-12. Its potential use in a clinical setting has been suggested. Here, we studied the effect of in situ delivery of Flt3 ligand plasmid (FL) on the antibody resp...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00039-1
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A panel of synthetic peptides representing human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) B8, other class I and class II restricted T cell epitopes and two B cell epitopes, were all able to compete with recognition of a HLA B8 restricted epitope by a cytotoxic T cell clone. Competition was obtained when the competitor peptides were a...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90048-f
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ITIM-bearing receptors, a family which only recently has been recognized, play a key role in the regulation of the ITAM-induced activation of immune competent cells. The mechanism of ITM-mediated regulation in various cells was recently clarified. The present review focuses on ITIM bearing membrane proteins that negat...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00024-3
更新日期：1999-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiologically occurring tetrapeptide, tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), was examined for its effects on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Adherent macrophages (møo) were exposed to tuftsin at concentrations ranging from 10(8) to 10(6) M, and the release of oxygen radicals and the arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenation pro...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90021-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In studying terminal lytic events of sensitized erythrocytes which have reacted with all 9 components of complement, we agree in general with the conclusions of Boyle and Borsos [1] that the cellular intermediate passes through the stages E*bound, E*inserted, and E*doomed. However, we differ with these workers on the ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(81)90095-x
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small soluble IgG aggregates of defined size were prepared from pooled human IgG by gel filtration chromatography, and examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Three such fractions, dimer-rich, trimer-rich and 25S aggregate were used to inhibit IgG monomer binding in a study of the influence of aggregation in the b...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90036-6
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human deficiency in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is characterized by a very low surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in hematopoietic and non hematopoietic cells. Among the latter, TAP-deficient skin fibroblasts have previously been shown by us to be very sensit...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2006.07.010
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In murine models, challenge with different viral and parasitic infection is closely associated with the production of type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) and NK cell production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Therefore, we wished to determine if IFN-alpha/beta had a role in the regulation of NK cell production of IFN...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00091-6
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuraminidases act as a virulence factors for several pathogens that invade the human body through Peyer's patch M-cells. Because of the structural similarity of Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) to neuraminidases, we hypothesized that AAL might also target human M-cells. In an in vitro human M-cell co-culture model signi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2005.03.020
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of anti-IgM IgG to human monoclonal IgM has been studied calorimetrically and results have been compared with parallel turbidity measurements of the same reaction. In the first series of experiments using the flow calorimeter equipped with a mixing cell, varied flow rates gave identical values for the ther...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90091-9
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is usually known as an immunosuppressive cytokine, but we and others have shown stimulatory effects of TGF-beta on activation of Th2 T-lymphocytes. In the present investigation we have studied the effect of TGF-beta1 on phosphorylation of ERK, a MAP-kinase downstream of the R...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00184-x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins, Hsp-s) play a pleiotropic role in immunological functions. Hsp-s participate in the presentation of peptide antigens, folding of several immunologically important proteins, such as the MHC, and in the maintenance of the activation-competent conformation of key signaling molec...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.025
更新日期：2004-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth is coupled to physiological modifications of the immune system which reaches the functional capabilities according to age-related milestones. Few data are available on the circulating immunoglobulin levels and no data exist on total immunoglobulin light chains in infant macaques. Therefore we studied by a nephe...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02522-9
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basic functions of the immune system are protection from pathogens and maintenance of tolerance to self. The maintenance of commensal microbiota at mucosal surfaces adds a layer of complexity to these basic functions. Recent reports suggest follicular helper T cells (Tfh), a CD4(+) T cell subset specialized to pro...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.015
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adoptive transfer of multivirus-specific T cell lines (MVST) is an advanced tool for immunotherapy of virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Their preparation includes activation of donor virus-specific T cells by the mixture of oligopeptides derived from immunodominant antigens of seve...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.09.009
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the most common non-traumatic disabling disease among adolescents, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Research has not yet fully elucidated its pathogenesis, but it has shown MS to be a complex, multifactorial disease with many interplaying fact...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.012
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An effective HIV vaccine will likely need to induce potent and broad-based immunity, including CD8+ T cell responses. Hence, a quantitative assay to measure such responses in animal models will be important in the evaluation of candidate HIV vaccines. We show here that a single immunization with HIV DNA vaccines, foll...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00237-7
更新日期：2003-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance is critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, attention has been focused on induction of active suppression by regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Also, a role for dendritic cells (DCs) in the promotion of peripheral tolera...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2004.04.015
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Culture of high density resting murine B cells with recombinant IL-4 caused changes in the patterns of phosphoproteins associated with the plasma membranes isolated from such cells. The principal difference was the appearance of an alkali-resistant phosphoprotein of Mr = 75,000-80,000. Culture with LPS also gave rise ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(89)90195-8
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence-comparison indicates existing sequence-similarity between receptor-binding regions of human type 1 IFNs (IFN-alpha, -beta and -omega) and HIV-1 gp41. Previous findings had suggested that the increased levels of antibodies against human IFN-alpha and -beta in HIV-1-infected individuals are associated with a co...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00098-x
更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct interaction between Fusobacterium nucleatum and human neutrophils resulted in the secretion of a neutrophil self-regulatory factor(s). The secretion of this factor was bacteria specific, and depended on the integrity of the bacteria cell surface. Factor secretion occurred within 15 min of bacteria--neutrophil i...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(87)90086-1
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to replicate in the cytoplasm of primary resident macrophages, but is killed by activated macrophages. Pretreatment of human macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma and to a lesser extent with TNF-alpha, induced a significant trypanocidal activity. Furthermore, TNF-alpha...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(92)90090-b
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
