Abstract:
:We compare the results of absorbed dose determined at reference conditions according to the AAPM TG-21 dose calibration protocol and the new AAPM TG-51 protocol. The AAPM TG-21 protocol for absorbed dose calibration is based on ionization chambers having exposure calibration factors for 60Co gamma rays, N(x). The new AAPM TG-51 dosimetry protocol for absorbed dose calibration is based on ionization chambers having 60Co absorbed dose-to-water calibration factor, N60Co(D,w). This study shows that the dose changes are within 1% for a cobalt beam, 0.5% for photon energies of 6 and 18 MV, and 2%-3% for electron beams with energies of 6 to 20 MeV. The chamber primary calibration factors, Nx and N60Co(D,w), are traceable to the Canadian primary standards laboratory (NRCC). We also present estimated dose changes between the two protocols when calibration factors are traceable to NIST in the United States.
journal_name
Med Physjournal_title
Medical physicsauthors
Ding GX,Cygler JE,Kwok CBdoi
10.1118/1.598999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
1217-25issue
6eissn
0094-2405issn
2473-4209journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICAL PHYSICS文献大全abstract::The assessment of the radiation dose to internal organs or to an embryo or fetus is required on occasion for risk assessment or for comparing imaging studies. Limited resources hinder the ability to accurately assess the radiation dose received to locations outside the tissue volume actually scanned during computed to...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1312809
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In this abstract, we discuss a biomechanical head and neck model that will be able to represent patient setup variations as well as physiologic changes and subsequently enable dose calculations on the deformed anatomy. METHODS:We selected Multi Pose MRI as the imaging modality to aid in model development and v...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4734893
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the methods currently being used to treat choroidal melanoma employs an episcleral plaque containing I-125 radioactive seeds. However, comprehensive dosimetry studies on the plaque are scarce and controversial. For this work, we use film to study the dosimetry outside the lip of the gold shield of the eye plaqu...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596556
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) requires extensive knowledge of multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf positioning accuracy, precision, and long-term reproducibility. We have developed a technique to efficiently measure the absolute position of each MLC leaf, over the range of leaf positions utilized in IMRT, based o...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1564091
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New in vivo dosimetry methods would be useful for clinical HDR brachytherapy. An implantable MOSFET Dose Verification System designed by Sicel Technologies, Inc. was examined for use with 192Ir HDR applications. This investigation demonstrated that varying the dose rate from 22 to 84 cGy/min did not change detector re...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3013574
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most favorable treatment for moving body anatomy should aim at utilizing organ motion to minimize the dose to sensitive structures without compromising the dose delivered to the target. The solution of the problem of appropriate intensity redistribution over different phases of body motion is achievable in dynamic...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1118/1.2804722
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two side-by-side energy windows, one at the photopeak and one at lower energy, are sometimes employed in quantitative SPECT studies. We measured the count-rate losses at moderately high activities of 131I for two multihead Anger cameras in such a dual-window-acquisition mode by imaging a decaying source composed of tw...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598162
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The use of an intravenously injected iodinated contrast agent could help increase the sensitivity of digital mammography by adding information on tumor angiogenesis. Two approaches have been made for clinical implementation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM), namely, single-energy (SE) and dual-ene...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4801905
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has been validated as a valuable tool for label-free volumetric microvascular imaging. More importantly, the advantages of noninvasiveness and measurement consistency suggest the use of OR-PAM for chronic imaging of intact microcirculation. Here, such chronic imagin...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1118/1.3137572
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large variation of x-ray fluence at the detector in cone-beam CT (CBCT) poses a significant challenge to detectors' limited dynamic range, resulting in the loss of skinline as well as reduction of CT number accuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio, and image uniformity. The authors investigate the performance of a bowtie...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3017470
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a fast, low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging approach which yields slice images with excellent in-plane resolution, though low plane-to-plane resolution. A stack of DTS slices can be reconstructed from a single limited-angle scan, with typical scan angles ranging from 10 degrees to 40...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2756941
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Target localization accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) images used in radiation treatment of respiratory disease sites is affected by motion artifacts (blurring and streaking). The authors have previously reported on a method of respiratory motion correction in thoracic CBCT at end expiration (EE). The previous re...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4896101
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dosimetry protocols DIN 6800-2 and AAPM TG-51, both based on the absorbed dose to water concept, are compared in their theoretical background and in their application to electron dosimetry. The agreement and disagreement in correction factors and energy parameters used in both protocols will be shown and discussed...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.1414008
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The authors had previously published measurements of the detectability of disk-shaped contrast objects in images obtained from a C-arm CT system. A simple approach based on Rose's criterion was used to scale the date, assuming the threshold for the smallest diameter detected should be inversely proportional to ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3397465
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The depth dose of a monoenergetic broad parallel proton beam has been modeled in a number of ways, but evidently not yet for oblique incidence. The purpose of this investigation is to find an accurate analytic formula for this case, which can then be used to model the depth dose of a broad beam with an initial ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3495969
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the diagnostic efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher by computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). METHODS:OCT has been investigated as a screening/diagnostic tool in the management of preinvasive and early invasive cancers of t...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3523098
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The overall goal of this work is to improve the computed tomography (CT) image quality for patients with metal implants or fillings by completing the missing kilovoltage (kV) projection data with selectively acquired megavoltage (MV) data that do not suffer from photon starvation. When both of these imaging sys...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4901551
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed Monte Carlo study of the PTW-diamond solid state detector response in megavoltage photon beams (60Co gamma rays to 25 MV x rays) has been performed with the EGS4 Monte Carlo Code. The sensitive volume of the diamond detector is a disk of diameter 4.4 mm and thickness 0.40 mm. The phantom material was water ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598771
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new approach to the calculation of the x-ray spectrum emerging from an x-ray tube is proposed. Theoretical results for the bremsstrahlung cross section appearing in the literature are summarized. Four different treatments of electron penetration, based on the work presented in Part I, are then used to generate brems...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2734726
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The previously described 2D standardized vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness (VWT) maps constructed from 3D ultrasound vessel wall measurements using an arc-length (AL) scaling approach adjusted the geometric variability of carotid arteries and has allowed for the comparisons of VWT distributions in longitudinal ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4966702
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A restricted angular scattering model for electron penetration in dense media is presented. In the model, the Fermi-Eyges transport equation is modified through the addition of an extra term which may be interpreted as representing an apparent force opposing the scattering of electrons into wider angles. The introduct...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.596747
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noise characterization through estimation of the noise power spectrum (NPS) is a central component of the evaluation of digital x-ray systems. We begin with a brief review of the fundamentals of NPS theory and measurement, derive explicit expressions for calculation of the one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NPS, and...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598623
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this work was to provide a novel description of how the radiotherapy community configures treatment planning system (TPS) radiation beam models for clinically used treatment machines. Here we describe the results of a survey of self-reported TPS beam modeling parameter values across different C-arm l...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/mp.13892
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electron spectral reconstruction of medical accelerators from measured depth doses is a practical method for providing the input initial phase space distribution at the patient surface that is required by Monte Carlo treatment planning systems. The posed inverse problem of spectral reconstruction is ill conditioned an...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2161404
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Primary goal of this study is to select optimal registration schemes in the framework of interstitial lung disease (ILD) follow-up analysis in CT. METHODS:A set of 128 multiresolution schemes composed of multiresolution nonrigid and combinations of rigid and nonrigid registration schemes are evaluated, utilizi...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4923170
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The EGS4 Monte Carlo code has been used to investigate the response of a PTW/diamond detector irradiated in both clinical and monoenergetic megavoltage electron beams ranging in energy from 5 to 20 MeV. The sensitive volume of the PTW/diamond detector simulated has a thickness of 0.4 mm and a diameter of 4.4 mm. Irrad...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.598593
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread application of positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical oncology has driven this imaging technology into a number of new research and clinical arenas. Increasing numbers of patient scans have led to an urgent need for efficient data handling and the development of new image analysis techniques to ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.2432404
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to perform a statistical analysis to verify the calculated percentage depth dose (PDD) based on the tissue maximum ratio (TMR) with the PDD measurements taken in water. 6 and 15 MV photon beams produced by a Varian linear 2100 C/D accelerator were used. PDDs and TMRs were measured at various d...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.4740131
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There is interest in developing linac-MR systems for MRI-guided radiation therapy. To date, the designs for such linac-MR devices have been restricted to a transverse geometry where the static magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the direction of the incident photon beam. This work extends possibilities ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3475942
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a relatively new patient imaging technique that has proved invaluable for treatment target verification and patient positioning during image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). It has been shown that CBCT results in additional dose to bone that may amount to 10% of the prescribed dose. ...
journal_title:Medical physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1118/1.3147143
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00