Abstract:
:The statistical aggregation of parasites among hosts is often described empirically by the negative binomial (Poisson-gamma) distribution. Alternatively, the Poisson-lognormal model can be used. This has the advantage that it can be fitted as a generalized linear mixed model, thereby quantifying the sources of aggregation in terms of both fixed and random effects. We give a worked example, assigning aggregation in the distribution of sheep ticks Ixodes ricinus on red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus chicks to temporal (year), spatial (altitude and location), brood and individual effects. Apparent aggregation among random individuals in random broods fell 8-fold when spatial and temporal effects had been accounted for.
journal_name
Parasitologyjournal_title
Parasitologyauthors
Elston DA,Moss R,Boulinier T,Arrowsmith C,Lambin Xdoi
10.1017/s0031182001007740subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
563-9issue
Pt 5eissn
0031-1820issn
1469-8161journal_volume
122pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PARASITOLOGY文献大全abstract::A 196 bp fragment of cloned kinetoplast (k) DNA of Leishmania infantum has been sequenced and shown to be diagnostic for this species. The DNA from 10(4)-10(5) promastigotes was routinely and specifically detected in crude dot blots of whole cells lysed in situ, and there was no cross-hybridization with 10(6) cells of...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000073650
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in detergent-soluble, somatic and excretion-secretion (E-S) preparations from adult Fasciola hepatica using the xanthine oxidase system and visualized in substrate gels. Compared to detergent-soluble and somatic extracts, E-S products showed the highest SOD acti...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182098003394
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome assemblies can form the basis of comparative analyses fostering insight into the evolutionary genetics of a parasite's pathogenicity, host-pathogen interactions, environmental constraints and invasion biology; however, the length and complexity of many parasite genomes has hampered the development of well-resol...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182017000348
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pine parasitic nematode, poses a serious threat to its host pine forests globally. When dispersal-stage larvae 4 (dauer, DL4) of B. xylophilus enters the new pine, it moults into propagative adult (dauer recovery) and reproduces quickly to kill the host pine. Here, we f...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182019001264
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chagas infection is a major endemic disease affecting Latin American countries. The persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi generates a chronic inflammatory reactivity that induces an immune response directed to the host's tissues. The effectiveness of the treatment in the chronic phase is still unsatisfactory due, amongst o...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182013000103
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against the retrovirus envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of mouse xenotropic retrovirus, BALB virus 2 (Bv2) reacted with the adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. This reaction was completely inhibited after adsorption of the antibodies with virions of retrovirus. The reactive schistosome antigen ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000060996
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations were carried out into the properties and localization of chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16) in connection with the formation of Ascaris suum egg-shells. The chitin synthase of eggs exhibited properties very similar to those found in other chitin-synthesizing organisms. It was stimulated by the presence of AT...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000063575
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic PCR primers for Trichinella were constructed. Twelve pairs of primers were designed based on the sequences of random amplified polymorphic DNA, and 4 pairs of primers were designed based on the reported sequences of complementary DNA encoding excretory-secretory glycoproteins. With these primers, 31 samples...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182098002881
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response of the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (J2 stage) to avermectin B2a-23-one is triphasic, comprising an initial loss of locomotor activity where the juveniles remain sensitive to touch, a recovery phase and a final loss of activity where the juveniles are relatively insensitive to touch. In...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chagas disease is one of the most important vector-borne zoonotic diseases in Latin America. Control strategies could be improved if transmissibility patterns of its aetiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, were better understood. To understand transmissibility patterns of Chagas disease in Mexico, we inferred potential v...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016002468
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) are a diverse group of pathogens that infect birds nearly worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological and evolutionary factors that shape the diversity and distribution of these protozoan parasites among avian communities and geograp...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182017000208
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility to oxidative stress is a well-established feature of the malarial parasite. Pharmacologists have taken advantage of this property to design highly effective pro-oxidant antimalarial drugs. Less well appreciated is the fact that nutritional manipulation of host oxidative stress status by dietary means ca...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0031182000075533
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182007003708
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant cysteine proteinases (CPs) from Carica papaya kill parasitic and free-living nematodes in vitro by hydrolysis of the worm cuticle, a mechanism that is different to all commercially available synthetic anthelmintics. We have developed a cheap and effective, rapid-throughput Caenorhabditis elegans-based assay for ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016002353
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Balb/c mice infected with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri were fed protein sufficient (PS, 24%) or deficient (PD, 3%) diets to investigate whether diet, infection or dose of larval challenge (0, 100 or 200 larvae) influenced gut pathophysiology and inflammation. Among the PS mice, worms were more ...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182007003617
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis is estimated to be higher than 30%. The presence of slowly dividing parasites in tissue cysts located mainly in immunoprivileged organs was long considered asymptomatic. Recently, many studies have shown that latent Toxoplasma infections could have serious impacts on h...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182016001785
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein composition of Schistosoma mansoni was analysed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. A high degree of identity existed between protein patterns obtain from immature and adult parasites of the two sexes. Some stage-and sex-specific components were indenti...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s003118200005188x
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of mating interactions between schistosome species from different evolutionary lineages in mice showed that mating is not random: heterospecific pairs form but, given the choice, the preference is for homospecific partners. Mating competition and change of mate were also demonstrated. Schistosoma mans...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182002002111
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are a major tool to control malaria. Over recent years increased ITN coverage has been associated with decreased malaria transmission. However, ITN 'misuse' has been increasingly reported and whether this emergent behaviour poses a threat to successful malaria control and elimination is...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182012002077
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reproductive effort of Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Müller O. F., 1776), a caligid copepod, which is commonly found infecting the European flounder, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758), is studied in detail for the first time. Seasonal variation in body dimensions and reproductive effort are analysed. Data for 120 o...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0031182015001493
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sporulated oocysts or oocyst hulls of Eimeria acervulina given via the crop, and oocyst juice or sporozoites inoculated directly into the intestinal lumen, were tested for their effects on the hypersensitivity of the intestines of immunized and susceptible birds. Only viable sporozoites consistently caused an increase...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000047132
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A delayed gamma distribution satisfactorily described the distribution of times to hatching of Ostertagia circumcincta eggs incubated in 0.1% saline at temperatures between 6 and 20 degrees C. Below 6 degree C hatching of eggs was extremely variable. The relationship between rates of development and temperature within...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000061874
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to quantify the association between meteorological variables and incidence of Plasmodium falciparum in areas with unstable malaria transmission in Ethiopia. We used morbidity data pertaining to microscopically confirmed cases reported from 35 sites throughout Ethiopia over a period of approxim...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182004005013
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surface coat of the 2nd-stage juveniles (J2) of plant-parasitic nematodes is considered to be involved in interactions with microorganisms in the soil and rhizosphere, as well as with the host plant. Characterization of surface antigens might be important in the development of new nematode control strategies. In t...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182002001907
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When eggs of the monogenean Dictyocotyle coeliaca, a parasite from the body cavity of Raja naevus, are incubated in alternating 12 h periods of light and darkness at 12 degrees C the marginal hooklets appear between 75 and 90 days after collecting the eggs from the host's body cavity and hatching begins after about 10...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000048897
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments to investigate the metabolism of glycine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid by Moniliformis moniliformis were carried out by incubating adult worms aerobically for 3 h at 37 degrees C in Tyrode's solution containing either [U-14C]glycine, L-[U-14C]glutamic acid, L-[U-14C]aspartic acid or L-[4-14C]asparti...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000055876
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taenia cestodes were obtained from 5 different definitive host species in Kenya and 175 different samples were examined by classical morphological methods and by isoenzyme analysis using isoelectric focusing in agarose. Gels were stained for 17 different enzymes and 3 of these were used in the construction of isoenzym...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000058017
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparison has been made of the responses of random-bred CFLP and inbred NIH mice to infection with Trichuris muris. Random-bred mice showed greater variation in worm burdens and less uniformity in worm expulsion. Irradiation prior to infection reduced variation, but did not increase the mean level of infection abov...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000053142
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspects of vitellogenesis, known to be controlled by juvenile hormone, are adversely affected by Hymenolepis diminuta infection of Tenebrio molitor, in spite of circulating titres of the hormone remaining unchanged. It has therefore been proposed that juvenile hormone binding is disrupted at the tissue site level. Juv...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182000065288
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the genomic organization and transcription of the histone H2A genes in the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. In the parasite genome 2 gene clusters exist, each containing 3 H2A gene copies. Sequence analyses showed the existence of significant sequence divergence among the H2A genes, mainly in th...
journal_title:Parasitology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0031182003003445
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00