Abstract:
:The existence and function of actin in the nucleus has been hotly debated for forty years. Recently, beta-actin was found to be a component of mammalian SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin remodeling complexes and still more recently other SWI/SNF-related chromatin remodeling complexes in yeast, flies, and man. Although the function of actin in these chromatin remodeling complexes is only starting to be explored, the fact that actin is one of the most regulated proteins in the cell suggests that control of nuclear actin may be a critical regulatory point in the control of chromatin remodeling. Actin rapidly shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm offering additional sites and modes of regulation. In addition, actin-related proteins (Arps) are also components of these chromatin remodeling complexes and have been implicated in transcriptional control in yeast. The observation that the BAF chromatin remodeling complex in which actin was originally identified, is also a human tumor suppressor complex necessary for the actions of the retinoblastoma protein indicates that the study of nuclear actin is likely to contribute to understanding cell growth control.
journal_name
Annu Rev Biochemjournal_title
Annual review of biochemistryauthors
Olave IA,Reck-Peterson SL,Crabtree GRdoi
10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135507subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
755-81eissn
0066-4154issn
1545-4509pii
110601.135507journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Analysis of the human genome reveals that approximately a third of all open reading frames code for proteins that enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), demonstrating the importance of this organelle for global protein maturation. The path taken by a polypeptide through the secretory pathway starts with its translocati...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-062209-093836
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins are increasingly used in basic and applied biomedical research. Many proteins, however, are only marginally stable and can be expressed in limited amounts, thus hampering research and applications. Research has revealed the thermodynamic, cellular, and evolutionary principles and mechanisms that underlie marg...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012102
更新日期:2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The assembly of individual proteins into functional complexes is fundamental to nearly all biological processes. In recent decades, many thousands of homomeric and heteromeric protein complex structures have been determined, greatly improving our understanding of the fundamental principles that control symmetric and a...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034142
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sorting of transmembrane proteins to endosomes and lysosomes is mediated by signals present within the cytosolic domains of the proteins. Most signals consist of short, linear sequences of amino acid residues. Some signals are referred to as tyrosine-based sorting signals and conform to the NPXY or YXXO consensus moti...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161800
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of gene transcription is vitally important for the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Failure to correctly regulate gene expression, or to deal with problems that arise during the transcription process, can lead to cellular catastrophe and disease. One of the ways cells cope with the challenges of ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052110-120012
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The base excision repair pathway is an organism's primary defense against mutations induced by oxidative, alkylating, and other DNA-damaging agents. This pathway is initiated by DNA glycosylases that excise the damaged base by cleavage of the glycosidic bond between the base and the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. A sub...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.255
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inactivation of the transcription factor p53, through either direct mutation or aberrations in one of its many regulatory pathways, is a hallmark of virtually every tumor. In recent years, screening for p53 activators and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic perturbations of p53 function hav...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014710
更新日期:2016-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The determination of several structures of nuclear receptor ligand binding domains (LBD) has led to new insights into the mechanism of action of this very important class of receptors. This review describes and compares the different LBD structures and their relationship to the function of the nuclear receptors. The r...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.559
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA molecules are able to transport electrons over long distances. In most experiments the process is stimulated by the oxidation of guanines (G), which generates guanine radical cations. The electron transport through DNA occurs in a multistep hopping mechanism with all Gs as carriers of the positive charge. The rate...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.083101.134037
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The repair of DNA by homologous recombination is an essential, efficient, and high-fidelity process that mends DNA lesions formed during cellular metabolism; these lesions include double-stranded DNA breaks, daughter-strand gaps, and DNA cross-links. Genetic defects in the homologous recombination pathway undermine ge...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034352
更新日期:2016-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The fastest simple, kinetically two-state protein folds a million times more rapidly than the slowest. Here we review many recent theories of protein folding kinetics in terms of their ability to qualitatively rationalize, if not quantitatively predict, this fundamental experimental observation. ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073904
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein kinase Akt/PKB is activated via a multistep process by a variety of signals. In the early steps of this process, PI-3 kinase-generated D3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides bind the Akt PH domain and induce the translocation of the kinase to the plasma membrane where it co-localizes with phosphoinositide-dep...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.965
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein folding in the cell is mediated by an extensive network of >1,000 chaperones, quality control factors, and trafficking mechanisms collectively termed the proteostasis network. While the components and organization of this network are generally well established, our understanding of how protein-folding problems...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111552
更新日期:2020-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The field of vitamin D metabolism and mechanism of action has continued to be very active. Autoradiography has shown specific nuclear localization of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in target organs prior to initiation of mechanism of action. Specific nuclear localization has also been demonstrated in a variety of other tissues not prev...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.002211
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the Rab or ARF/Sar branches of the Ras GTPase superfamily regulate almost every step of intracellular membrane traffic. A rapidly growing body of evidence indicates that these GTPases do not act as lone agents but are networked to one another through a variety of mechanisms to coordinate the individual even...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052810-093700
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complexity of even the simplest known life forms makes efforts to synthesize living cells from inanimate components seem like a daunting task. However, recent progress toward the creation of synthetic cells, ranging from simple protocells to artificial cells approaching the complexity of bacteria, suggests that th...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-080411-124036
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) constitute a family of six mammalian serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate agonist-bound, or activated, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as their primary substrates. GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation rapidly initiates profound impairment of receptor signal...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.653
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules are polymers that are essential for, among other functions, cell transport and cell division in all eukaryotes. The regulation of the microtubule system includes transcription of different tubulin isotypes, folding of /¿-tubulin heterodimers, post-translation modification of tubulin, and nucleotide-based ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.277
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic, biochemical, and spectroscopic studies have established a new function for an intracellular protein, i.e., guiding and inserting a copper cofactor into the active site of a target enzyme. Studies of these new proteins have revealed a fundamental aspect of copper physiology, namely the vast overcapacity of the...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.677
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Active transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm involves primarily three classes of macromolecules: substrates, adaptors, and receptors. Some transport substrates bind directly to an import or an export receptor while others require one or more adaptors to mediate formation of a receptor-substrate complex. Once ass...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decades of studies have established translation as a multistep, multicomponent process that requires intricate communication to achieve high levels of speed, accuracy, and regulation. A crucial next step in understanding translation is to reveal the functional significance of the large-scale motions implied by static ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.070606.101431
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomeres are essential for genome stability in all eukaryotes. Changes in telomere functions and the associated chromosomal abnormalities have been implicated in human aging and cancer. Telomeres are composed of repetitive sequences that can be maintained by telomerase, a complex containing a reverse transcriptase (h...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.071403.160049
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::I was born in China and would have remained there but for the tumultuous events that led many of my generation to the United States for graduate studies. Norman Davidson introduced me to DNA when I became a postdoctoral fellow in his group at the California Institute of Technology in 1964, and a fortuitous conversatio...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.030107.090101
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR studies of amyloid and membrane proteins and large macromolecular complexes are an important new approach to structural biology. However, the applicability of these experiments, which are based on (13)C- and (15)N-detected spectra, would be enhanced if the sensitivity were improved. Here...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034206
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and integrity of telomeres are essential for genome stability. Telomere dysregulation can lead to cell death, cell senescence, or abnormal cell proliferation. The maintenance of telomere repeats in most eukaryotic organisms requires telomerase, which consists of a reverse transcriptase (RT) and an RNA te...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142412
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms of chemical reaction can often be predicted by determining the dependence of the lifetime of reaction intermediates on the structure of the reactants. When there is no lifetime in the presence of another reactant or catalyst the reaction proceeds through an enforced concerted mechanism. Noncovalent binding ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.1
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the functional importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle that performs folding, modification, and trafficking of secretory and membrane proteins to the Golgi compartment, the maintenance of ER homeostasis in insulin-secreting β-cells is very important. When ER homeostasis is disrupted, the ER ge...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-072909-095555
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past few years have seen exciting advances in understanding the structure and function of catalytic RNA. Crystal structures of several ribozymes have provided detailed insight into the folds of RNA molecules. Models of other biologically important RNAs have been constructed based on structural, phylogenetic, and b...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.597
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-amino acids have been detected in a variety of peptides synthesized by animal cells. These include opiate and antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin, neuropeptides from snail ganglia, a hormone from crustaceans, and a constituent of a spider venom. cDNA cloning has shown that at those positions where a D-amino a...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.337
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a major human and veterinary pathogen worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) poses a significant and enduring problem to the treatment of infection by such strains. Resistance is usually conferred by the acquisition of a nonnative gene encoding a penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034516
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00