Abstract:
:I was born in China and would have remained there but for the tumultuous events that led many of my generation to the United States for graduate studies. Norman Davidson introduced me to DNA when I became a postdoctoral fellow in his group at the California Institute of Technology in 1964, and a fortuitous conversation there ignited my interest in DNA ring formation, which later led me to study different topological forms of DNA rings-catenanes, knots, and supercoils. In 1968, a chance observation led me to identify a new enzyme capable of converting one DNA ring form to another, an enzyme now known as a DNA topoisomerase. My interest in DNA rings and DNA topoisomerases continued throughout my years at the University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard. The fascinating ability of the topoisomerases in passing DNA strands or double helices through one another and their importance in cellular processes have kept me and many others excited in their studies.
journal_name
Annu Rev Biochemjournal_title
Annual review of biochemistryauthors
Wang JCdoi
10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.030107.090101subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
31-54eissn
0066-4154issn
1545-4509journal_volume
78pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The fastest simple, kinetically two-state protein folds a million times more rapidly than the slowest. Here we review many recent theories of protein folding kinetics in terms of their ability to qualitatively rationalize, if not quantitatively predict, this fundamental experimental observation. ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073904
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by the ubiquitous F(1)F(0) ATP synthase. Power for ATP synthesis derives from an electrochemical proton (or Na(+)) gradient, which drives rotation of membranous F(0) motor components. Efficient rotation not only requires a signi...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.081307.104803
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several genes have been identified for monogenic disorders that variably resemble Parkinson's disease. Dominant mutations in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein enhance the propensity of this protein to aggregate. As a consequence, these patients have a widespread disease with protein inclusion bodies in several brain a...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133400
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway is a critical process in the bacterial cell and is exploited as a target for the design of antibiotics. This pathway culminates in the production of the peptidoglycan layer, which is composed of polymerized glycan chains with cross-linked peptide substituents. This layer forms th...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061809-112742
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic, biochemical, and spectroscopic studies have established a new function for an intracellular protein, i.e., guiding and inserting a copper cofactor into the active site of a target enzyme. Studies of these new proteins have revealed a fundamental aspect of copper physiology, namely the vast overcapacity of the...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.677
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations of chromatin structure have been shown to be crucial for response to cell signaling and for programmed gene expression in development. Posttranslational histone modifications influence changes in chromatin structure both directly and by targeting or activating chromatin-remodeling complexes. Histone modifi...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061809-175347
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on eukaryotic translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases, and the emphasis is on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human Y-family polymerases (Pols) eta, iota, kappa, and Rev1, as well as on Polzeta, which is a member of the B-family polymerases. The fidelity, mismatch extension ability, and lesion byp...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133250
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many critical biological processes take place at hydrophobic:hydrophilic interfaces, and a wide range of organisms produce surface-active proteins and peptides that reduce surface and interfacial tension and mediate growth and development at these boundaries. Microorganisms produce both small lipid-associated peptides...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044847
更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a major human and veterinary pathogen worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) poses a significant and enduring problem to the treatment of infection by such strains. Resistance is usually conferred by the acquisition of a nonnative gene encoding a penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034516
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved process that corrects mismatches generated during DNA replication and escape proofreading. MMR proteins also participate in many other DNA transactions, such that inactivation of MMR can have wide-ranging biological consequences, which can be either beneficial o...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133243
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decades of studies have established translation as a multistep, multicomponent process that requires intricate communication to achieve high levels of speed, accuracy, and regulation. A crucial next step in understanding translation is to reveal the functional significance of the large-scale motions implied by static ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.070606.101431
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous membrane proteins form multisubunit protein complexes, which contain both integral and peripheral subunits, in addition to prosthetic groups. Bacterial membrane proteins are inserted into the inner membrane by the Sec translocase and YidC insertase. Their folding can be facilitated by YidC and the phospholipi...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060409-092524
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA molecules are able to transport electrons over long distances. In most experiments the process is stimulated by the oxidation of guanines (G), which generates guanine radical cations. The electron transport through DNA occurs in a multistep hopping mechanism with all Gs as carriers of the positive charge. The rate...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.083101.134037
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR studies of amyloid and membrane proteins and large macromolecular complexes are an important new approach to structural biology. However, the applicability of these experiments, which are based on (13)C- and (15)N-detected spectra, would be enhanced if the sensitivity were improved. Here...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034206
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes condenses and organizes the genome, but occludes many regulatory DNA elements. However, this constraint also allows nucleosomes and other chromatin components to actively participate in the regulation of transcription, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, and DNA rep...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062706.153223
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decades, advances in microscopy have made it possible to study the dynamics of individual biomolecules in vitro and resolve intramolecular kinetics that would otherwise be hidden in ensemble averages. More recently, single-molecule methods have been used to image, localize, and track individually labeled m...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-110801
更新日期:2019-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::SELEX is a technology for the identification of high affinity oligonucleotide ligands. Large libraries of random sequence single-stranded oligonucleotides, whether RNA or DNA, can be thought of conformationally not as short strings but rather as sequence dependent folded structures with high degrees of molecular rigid...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003555
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::My coworkers and I have used animal viruses and their interaction with host cells to investigate cellular processes difficult to study by other means. This approach has allowed us to branch out in many directions, including membrane protein characterization, endocytosis, secretion, protein folding, quality control, an...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-011320-103928
更新日期:2020-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The rhodopsin crystal structure provides a structural basis for understanding the function of this and other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The major structural motifs observed for rhodopsin are expected to carry over to other GPCRs, and the mechanism of transformation of the receptor from inactive to active for...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142743
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maintenance of the eukaryotic genome requires precisely coordinated replication of the entire genome each time a cell divides. To achieve this coordination, eukaryotic cells use an ordered series of steps to form several key protein assemblies at origins of replication. Recent studies have identified many of the p...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135425
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past three decades, studies of ancient biomolecules-particularly ancient DNA, proteins, and lipids-have revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary history. Though initially fraught with many challenges, today the field stands on firm foundations. Researchers now successfully retrieve nucleotide and amin...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012002
更新日期:2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Innate immune receptors respond to common structural patterns in microbial molecules and are called pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in the innate immune system by recognizing microbial lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins. Precise definition of the ligand "pa...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052909-141507
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptides and proteins have been found to possess an inherent tendency to convert from their native functional states into intractable amyloid aggregates. This phenomenon is associated with a range of increasingly common human disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, type II diabetes, and a number of syst...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045115
更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) constitute a family of six mammalian serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate agonist-bound, or activated, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as their primary substrates. GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation rapidly initiates profound impairment of receptor signal...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.653
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and integrity of telomeres are essential for genome stability. Telomere dysregulation can lead to cell death, cell senescence, or abnormal cell proliferation. The maintenance of telomere repeats in most eukaryotic organisms requires telomerase, which consists of a reverse transcriptase (RT) and an RNA te...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142412
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA polymerase II transcription cycle is often divided into three major stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Research over the last decade has blurred these divisions and emphasized the tightly regulated transitions that occur as RNA polymerase II synthesizes a transcript from start to finish. Transcri...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034457
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of experimentation suggest that endogenous retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, play a role in the anterior/posterior development of the central body axis and the limbs of vertebrates. High levels of endogenous retinoids have been detected in proximity to these developing axes in a variety of vertebrate ...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.001221
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ryanodine receptors (RyRs)/Ca2+ release channels, on the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum of most cell types, are required for intracellular Ca2+ release involved in diverse cellular functions, including muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. The large cytoplasmic domain of the RyR serves as a scaffold...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.76.053105.094237
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The determination of several structures of nuclear receptor ligand binding domains (LBD) has led to new insights into the mechanism of action of this very important class of receptors. This review describes and compares the different LBD structures and their relationship to the function of the nuclear receptors. The r...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.559
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination (HR) serves to eliminate deleterious lesions, such as double-stranded breaks and interstrand crosslinks, from chromosomes. HR is also critical for the preservation of replication forks, for telomere maintenance, and chromosome segregation in meiosis I. As such, HR is indispensable for the main...
journal_title:Annual review of biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061306.125255
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00