Abstract:
:Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment research in each priority area. This article is a product of that process. Focus on occupational cancer research methods is important both because occupational factors play a significant role in a number of cancers, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, and also because occupational cohorts (because of higher exposure levels) often provide unique opportunities to evaluate health effects of environmental toxicants and understand the carcinogenic process in humans. Despite an explosion of new methods for cancer research in general, these have not been widely applied to occupational cancer research. In this article we identify needs and gaps in occupational cancer research methods in four broad areas: identification of occupational carcinogens, design of epidemiologic studies, risk assessment, and primary and secondary prevention. Progress in occupational cancer will require interdisciplinary research involving epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, and molecular biologists.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Ward EM,Schulte PA,Bayard S,Blair A,Brandt-Rauf P,Butler MA,Dankovic D,Hubbs AF,Jones C,Karstadt M,Kedderis GL,Melnick R,Redlich CA,Rothman N,Savage RE,Sprinker M,Toraason M,Weston A,Olshan AF,Stewart P,Zahm SH,doi
10.1289/ehp.111-1241299subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-12issue
1eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::To study the effect of processing on polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels, milk from four dairy herds containing less than 0.3 ppm (fat basis) of physiologically incorporated PBBs was presented individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782337
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present evidence that the El Niño phenomenon intensifies the annual cycle of malaria cases for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in endemic areas of Colombia as a consequence of concomitant anomalies in the normal annual cycle of temperature and precipitation. We used simultaneous analyses of both variable...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109489
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationshi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408596
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large quantities of food processing, crop, forestry, and animal solid wastes are generated in the United States each year. The major components of these wastes are biodegradable. However, they also contain components such as nitrogen, human and animal pathogens, medicinals, feed additives, salts, and certain metals, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7827261
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable associations of syntrophic fermentative organisms and populations that consume fermentation products play key roles in the anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated organic contaminants. The involvement of these syntrophic populations is essential for mineralization of chlorinated aromatic compounds under methano...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6933
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food allergy affects between 5% and 7.5% of children and between 1% and 2% of adults. The greater prevalence of food allergy in children reflects both the increased predisposition of children to develop food allergies and the development of immunologic tolerance to certain foods over time. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.5702
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although numerous epidemiologic studies now use models of intraurban exposure, there has been little systematic evaluation of the performance of different models. OBJECTIVES:In this present article we proposed a modeling framework for assessing exposure model performance and the role of spatial autocorrelat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9849
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been shown to have broad effects on development, but their mutagenic actions that can lead to cancer have been less clearly demonstrated. Physiological levels of estrogen have been shown to stimulate DNA damage in breast epithelial cells through mechanisms mediated by estr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5221
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although adverse effects of high temperature on mortality have been studied extensively in urban areas, little is known of the heat-mortality associations outside of cities. OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether heat-mortality associations differed between urban and nonurban areas and how urbanicity affected th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP204
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride at pH 7.4. The labeling patterns of galactosyl and N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues on the cell surface were altered in comparing scraped vs. unscraped and buffer vs. media-soaked cells treated with...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8034103
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiologic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792957
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to flame retardants has been associated with negative health outcomes including metabolic effects. As polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants were pulled from commerce, human exposure to new flame retardants such as Firemaster® 550 (FM550) has increased. Although previous studies in murine sy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1318
更新日期:2017-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Atlantic coast estuaries recently have experienced fish kills and fish with lesions attributed to Pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates. Human health effects have been reported from laboratory exposure and from a 1997 Maryland fish kill. North Carolina has recorded Pfiesteria-related fish kill events over t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0110921
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collaborative studies were performed to develop a functional assay for fish-killing activity produced by Pfiesteria piscicida. Eight cell lines were used to screen organic fractions and residual water fraction by using a 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-(2-4)]-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay. Diethyl ether and a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107711
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are important environmental contaminants, and their toxicity to wildlife and humans are of major concern. PCBs form persistent and abundant metabolites, PCB methyl sulfones, that accumulate in biota. We now report that certain hydroxylated PCB metabolites show a strong and selective ac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102464
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report DNA binding of butadiene monoepoxide, a first metabolite of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by monooxygenases. We prepared alkylated purines as marker compounds for 32-P-postlabeling and electrochemical analysis and developed methods to measure the corresponding products. The traditional postlabeling a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s3655
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous literature suggests that higher ambient temperature may play a role in increasing the risk of suicide. However, no multi-country study has explored the shape of the association and the role of moderate and extreme heat across different locations. OBJECTIVES:We examined the short-term temperature-su...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP4898
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the effect of chronic exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like compounds on the pancreas in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats. This investigation represents part of an ongoing National Toxicology Program initiative to determine the relative potency of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of polychlorinated diox...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6869
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of experiments is described in which operant methodology is used to study the effects of drugs on "learning." Emphasis is placed on the technique of repeated acquisition as a behavioral baseline for studying this type of transition state. In this technique, each subject is required to learn a new discriminati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782677
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the experimental studies relating boron to biological effects on appendicular and axial bones in animal models suggests that numerous influences, known and unknown, affect the responsiveness of bone to dietary boron. Degrees of skeletal response to boron are modified by other nutritional variables that inc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s749
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the fate of 14C-labeled vinyl chloride (VC) following oral administration and inhalation exposure in rats demonstrated that the disposition of VC in the body is a function of the dose. More importantly, from the data available, it appears that a correlation exists between doses of VC which cause tumors and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617145
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Millions of people worldwide consume arsenic-contaminated rice; however, little is known about the uptake and bioavailability of arsenic species after arsenic-contaminated rice ingestion. OBJECTIVES:In this study, we assessed arsenic speciation in greenhouse-grown and supermarket-bought rice, and determined...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9322
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for balance and vestibular dysfunction in general populations, but previous studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of lead and cadmium on balance control in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the relationship between blood lead and ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103643
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent chemicals that have been widely used as flame retardants in furniture, carpet padding, car seats, and other consumer products during the past three decades. OBJECTIVE:We examined whether in utero exposure to PBDEs is associated with child cognitive funct...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307562
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions. However, results from our laboratory and others indicate that AChE has an extrasynaptic, noncholinergic role during neural development. This article is a review of our findi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s181
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we have demonstrated that several xenobiotics can induce multidrug (mdr) gene expression in cultures of primary isolated hepatocytes. One of the best of these xenobiotic inducers in rat hepatocytes is 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), which induces mdr expression by an enhancement of mdr gene transcription. In...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6209
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure mixtures frequently occur in data across many domains, particularly in the fields of environmental and nutritional epidemiology. Various strategies have arisen to answer questions about exposure mixtures, including methods such as weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression that estimate a joint effect o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5838
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105850
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were given 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg of a commercial polybrominated biphenyl, FireMaster BP-6 (PBB), in olive oil by gavage each day from days 7 through 15 of pregnancy. Laboratory chow and water were given ad libitum. Treatment with PBB had no significant effect on body weight gain, f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7823295
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00