Abstract:
:Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under cold conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We compared concentrations of gasoline components in the blood and in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) of people who pumped regular unleaded gasoline (referred to as regular gasoline) with concentrations in the blood of those who pumped an oxygenated fuel that was 10% ethanol (E-10). A subset of participants in a wintertime engine performance study provided blood samples before and after pumping gasoline (30 using regular gasoline and 30 using E-10). The biological and environmental samples were analyzed for selected aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in gasoline (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene); the biological samples were also analyzed for three chemicals not found in gasoline (1,4-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and styrene). People in our study had significantly higher levels of gasoline components in their blood after pumping gasoline than they had before pumping gasoline. The changes in VOC levels in blood were similar whether the individuals pumped regular gasoline or the E-10 blend. The analysis of PBZ samples indicated that there were also measurable levels of gasoline components in the air during refueling. The VOC levels in PBZ air were similar for the two groups. In this study, we demonstrate that people are briefly exposed to low (ppm and sub-ppm) levels of known carcinogens and other potentially toxic compounds while pumping gasoline, regardless of the type of gasoline used.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Backer LC,Egeland GM,Ashley DL,Lawryk NJ,Weisel CP,White MC,Bundy T,Shortt E,Middaugh JPdoi
10.1289/ehp.97105850subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
850-5issue
8eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We assessed chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of mink and river otters on the Columbia and Fraser River systems of northwestern North America, in relation to morphological measures of condition. We obtained carcasses of mink and river otters from commercial trappers during the winters 1994-1995 and 1995-1996. Necr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107141
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting) is a reliable and efficient method for detecting structural chromosome aberrations. Painting is now being used to quantify chromosome damage in many human populations. In one such study we evaluated 91 unexposed peop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s3489
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We characterized an endocrine disruptor from ground corncob bedding material that interferes with male and female sexual behavior and ovarian cyclicity in rats and stimulates estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. The agents were identified as an isomeric mixture of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10659
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used in building materials, electronics, plastics, polyurethane foams, and textiles, are health hazards found in the environment. OBJECTIVE:In this study we investigated the effects of PBDE-209, a deca-PBDE, on the regulation of growth and apoptosis of breast...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104051
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sex-specific associations have been reported between phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and child behavior. No data on large study populations are available for other phenols with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to study associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and seve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1314
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of studying farmworkers is to better understand how their work environment, including exposure to pesticides, affects their health. Although a number of health conditions have been associated with pesticide exposure, clear linkages have yet to be made between exposure and health effects except in cases of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8526
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the epidemiologic studies of the association of ischemic heart disease risk and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure from a spouse who smokes. Seventeen studies (nine cohort, eight case-control) comprising more than 485,000 lifelong nonsmokers and 7,345 coronary heart disease (CHD) events we...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s6841
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Southwest metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) inhabitants have been exposed several hours per day for the last 6 years to photochemical smog, ozone being the most important oxidant pollutant. Subjects exposed to the SWMMC atmosphere develop several histopathological changes in their nasal mucosa: dysplasia is the most si...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1519752
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term increases in ambient air pollution have been associated with an increased incidence of acute cardiac events. We assessed the effect of inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) on myocardial ischemia in a canine model of coronary artery occlusion. Six mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5775
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured volatile organic compound (VOC) exposures in multiple locations for a diverse population of children who attended two inner-city schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Fifteen common VOCs were measured at four locations: outdoors (O), indoors at school (S), indoors at home (H), and in personal samples (P). Con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7107
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) from vehicle exhaust has been related to risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and cancer, even though exposure assessment is difficult. We studied personal exposure in terms of number concentrations of UFPs in the breathing zone, using portable instruments in six 18-hr pe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7562
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever are a major cause of morbidity in industrialized countries, most studies have focused on patterns of prevalence among children and adolescents, with relatively few studies on variations in prevalence by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position among adults. Our ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s2211
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and in drinking water has prompted significant public interest regarding potential adverse ecological effects and risks to human health. OBJECTIVES:The Environmental Health Summit held in North Carolina, 10-11 November 2008, explored the issues associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901532
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that can accumulate in the placenta during pregnancy, where it may impair placental function and affect fetal development. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate Cd-associated variations in placental DNA methylation (DNAM) and associations with gene expression...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2192
更新日期:2018-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells offer an interesting model system for evaluating differentiation because the cells are pluripotent, thus resembling germ cells and embryonic stem cells, and because a number of agents have been defined that are capable of promoting the differentiation of these cells. This chapter examine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.898025
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidation of the role of vinyl chloride metabolites in the various reaction sequences which comprise the metabolic pathway, including the interaction of reactive metabolities with some purine and pyrimidine residues of target-organ DNA, provides some explanation for the (oncogenic) properties associated with the ori...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.772155
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Droplets of toluene and three chlorinated organics, ortho-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and trichloroethylene, were pyrolyzed in pure nitrogen. The composition and bacterial mutagenicity of the product tars were measured. The presence of organic chlorine was found to affect both pyrolysis product tar compositio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1283
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to current data, the capacity to cause nonprogrammed or unscheduled cell proliferation in target tissues, a common characteristic of chemical carcinogens, may play a more important role in the development of tumors than does genotoxicity. This paper provides strong support for the validity of this conclusion...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9610440
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylphosphonothioate insecticides EPN and leptophos, and several analogs, were evaluated with respect to their delayed neurotoxic effects in hens and their environmental behavior in a terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem. Acute toxicity to insects was highly correlated with sigma sigma of the substituted phenyl g...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8036187
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to flame retardants has been associated with negative health outcomes including metabolic effects. As polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants were pulled from commerce, human exposure to new flame retardants such as Firemaster® 550 (FM550) has increased. Although previous studies in murine sy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1318
更新日期:2017-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association between drinking-water disinfection by-products and preterm births using improved exposure assessment and more appropriate analysis methods than used in prior studies. METHODS:During 1999-2001, vital record data were obtained for a large, racially diverse population residing in ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9394
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several examples of categorized data from epidemiological studies are analyzed to illustrate that more informative analysis than tests of independence can be performed by fitting models. All of the analyses fit into a unified conceptual framework that can be performed by weighted least squares. The methods presented s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7932169
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on the prevalence of lead poisoning in children between 1 and 5 years of age living in a marginal area to the north of Mexico City and also includes an evaluation of sources of exposure to this metal in the same area. The results show that 67.5% of the children studied have blood lead (PbB) levels >...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469505
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pavlovian conditioning processes may contribute to some symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This review summarizes the potential relevance of the literature on conditional taste and olfactory aversions, conditional sensitization, and conditional immunomodulation to understanding MCS. A conditioning-based ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2521
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psychological sequelae are among the most pronounced effects in populations following exposure to oil spills. Women in particular represent a vulnerable yet influential population but have remained relatively understudied with respect to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). OBJECTIVE:To describe the rela...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP167
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) proposes to link environmental hazards and exposures to health outcomes. Statistical methods used in case-control and cohort studies to link health outcomes to individual exposure estimates are well developed. However, reliable exposure estimates for many contam...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7145
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1998, the Helicobacter pylori [(13)C]urea breath test was offered to all school beginners (birth cohort 1991/1992) in the city of Leipzig and in Leipzig County, Germany, to determine the colonization prevalence and potential transmission pathways of the bacterium. A total of 3,347 school beginners participated in t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109573
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some have hypothesized that community water containing sodium silicofluoride and hydrofluosilicic acid may increase blood lead (PbB) concentrations in children by leaching of lead from water conduits and by increasing absorption of lead from water. Our analysis aimed to evaluate the relation between water fluoridation...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8319
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101510
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00