Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association between drinking-water disinfection by-products and preterm births using improved exposure assessment and more appropriate analysis methods than used in prior studies. METHODS:During 1999-2001, vital record data were obtained for a large, racially diverse population residing in 27 Massachusetts communities that received drinking water from a single public utility. This water system was monitored weekly for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), and it maintained geographically stable total TTHM levels system-wide during the study period. We employed proportional hazards regression to examine the effects of trimester-specific and shorter-term peak exposures to TTHM in drinking water late in pregnancy on preterm births in 37,498 singletons. RESULTS:For all women, our data suggested no more than a small increase, if any, in risk for delivering a preterm baby when exposed to > or = 60 microg/L TTHM during the 4 weeks before birth [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-1.35]. However, women who depended on a governmental source of payment for prenatal care were at increased risk when exposed at such levels late in gestation (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.81). In contrast, exposure to high levels of TTHM during the second trimester and high exposure throughout pregnancy resulted in a 15-18% reduction in risk for preterm delivery in our population. CONCLUSIONS:This finding confirms previous reports of a negative association during the second trimester. Our data also suggested a possible positive association with shorter-term third-trimester TTHM exposure in mothers of lower socioeconomic status.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Lewis C,Suffet IH,Hoggatt K,Ritz Bdoi
10.1289/ehp.9394subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-01 00:00:00pages
290-5issue
2eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To assess the possibility that increases in UV-B exposure on the earth's surface could lead to impaired resistance to several infectious diseases, we studied the effect of UV-B exposure on resistance against Trichinella spiralis. Wistar rats, orally infected with T. spiralis larvae, were exposed to suberythemal doses ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102298
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for uterine cancer in Japan, we compared the changes in the age-adjusted rates of potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to uterine cancer between 1969 and 1972 to 1973 through 1977 between the high coverage-rate (intensively screened) areas and the comparable control a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.908751
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a large pilot investigation of multimedia exposure to several classes of environmental contaminants, the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)-Maryland study, we collected 388 semiquantitative food checklists and duplicate diet solid food samples, analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and le...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109121
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The association of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) with breast cancer is controversial, but animal studies directly linking DDT to risk are lacking. Concerns with DDT reside in its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation in breast adipose tissue, and endocrine-disrupting actions. Whereas most attent...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104327
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-dose extrapolation model selection for evaluating the health effects of environmental pollutants is a key component of the risk assessment process. At a workshop held in Baltimore, Maryland, on 23-24 April 2007, sponsored by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Johns Hopkins Risk Sciences and Public Policy Ins...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11502
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:THE APHENA (AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH: A Combined European and North American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the effect of air pollution on population health, bringing together data from the European APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) and U.S. N...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11345
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9479
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s6907
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6182
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8564219
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells offer an interesting model system for evaluating differentiation because the cells are pluripotent, thus resembling germ cells and embryonic stem cells, and because a number of agents have been defined that are capable of promoting the differentiation of these cells. This chapter examine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.898025
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8349165
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s281
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1001899
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s4615
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7998
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously healthy woman developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis of such severity that she required chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy for symptom control. Detailed investigation of her workplace and home environments revealed fungi in her typical suburban home, to which she had specific serum precipitating anti...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109979
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7713
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main source of cadmium in the diet is cereal or meat, especially in liver and kidney. Since the cadmium in both liver and kidney is bound to metallothionein, a heat-stable protein, the gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of cadmium metallothionein (CdMt) was studied in detail. The selective renal cadmium de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7928127
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP7662
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study to determine the contribution of lead to blood from consumption of calcium supplements approximating the recommended daily intakes over a 6-month period. Subjects were males and females ages 21 to 47 years (geometric mean 32 years) with a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 2.5...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109283
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Clean Air Act requires that sensitive subgroups of exposed populations be protected from adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. Hence, data suggesting the existence of sensitive subgroups can have an important impact on regulatory decisions. Some investigators have interpreted differences among individu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.90-1519500
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been associated with alterations in ovarian function and hormones in animals, it has not been studied in humans. On 10 July 1976, an explosion exposed residents of Seveso, Italy, to the highest levels of TCDD in a population. Twenty years later, we init...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9667
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800121
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5603
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102105
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uranium accumulates in bone, affects bone metabolism in laboratory animals, and when ingested in drinking water increases urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, important components in the bone structure. However, little is known about bone effects of ingested natural uranium in humans. We studied 146 men and 142...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7475
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00