Abstract:
:Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells offer an interesting model system for evaluating differentiation because the cells are pluripotent, thus resembling germ cells and embryonic stem cells, and because a number of agents have been defined that are capable of promoting the differentiation of these cells. This chapter examines how EC cells might be triggered to differentiate, with emphasis on retinoic acid because this compound is a potent, naturally occurring inducer that has been studied extensively in this system. The nature of alterations in gene expression during EC cell differentiation is reviewed from the perspective of evaluating whether these changes are likely to be responsible for, or a result of, the differentiation event. Finally, we consider in molecular terms why EC cells, but not their differentiated derivatives, are refractory to the expression of many viral genomes following infection. Based upon these studies, we propose that fundamental changes in gene expression that are observed when differentiation is triggered in EC cells are likely to be due to the disappearance or neutralization of strong repressor elements.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Astigiano S,Sherman MI,Abarzúa Pdoi
10.1289/ehp.898025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
25-38eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:A growing body of evidence indicates a relationship between household indoor air pollution from cooking fires and adverse neonatal outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW), in resource-poor countries. OBJECTIVE:We examined the effect of reduced wood smoke exposure in pregnancy on LBW of Guatemalan infants i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002928
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of occupational factors on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Few studies fulfill the criteria of good study design because of small sample size, insensitive measures of effect, selection, recall, and observation bias, weak if any control of co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s281
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:From climate change to hydraulic fracturing, and from drinking water safety to wildfires, environmental challenges are changing. The United States has made substantial environmental protection progress based on media-specific and single pollutant risk-based frameworks. However, today’s environmental problems ar...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/EHP1465
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric study was made of the gills of tench (Tinca tinca, L.) subjected to acute experimental lead nitrate poisoning. Twenty-one adult tench were subjected to poisoning and a further 22 were used as controls. Lesions were characterized by the appearance of edema and epithelial...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9089137
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relative potencies for 30 compounds scheduled for carcinogenic testing in the 2-year rodent bioassays were estimated based on comparisons with a wide variety of bioassay data for benzo[a]pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, aflatoxin B1, and cyclophosphamide. Potential for oncogenic transformation of each of the compounds was...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s51017
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61419
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isoflavonoids and related compounds such as coumestrol have classically been categorized as phytoestrogens because these environmentally derived substances bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and increase uterine wet weight in immature rats and mice. Assessment of the binding affinities of isoflavonoids for ER and subs...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103574
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ambient levels of pesticides ("pesticide drift") are detectable at residences near agricultural field sites. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications during key periods of gestation could be associated with the development of autism s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10168
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mammals methylate trivalent inorganic arsenic in liver to species that are released into the bloodstream and excreted in urine and feces. This study addresses how methylated arsenicals pass through cell membranes. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin channels, including Escherichia coli GlpF, Saccharomy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8600
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we determined the biologic activity of dichloromethane-extracted particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) obtained from filters at three sites in the Paso del Norte airshed, which includes El Paso, Texas, USA; Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Sunland Park, New Mexico, USA. The extrac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6058
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free-radical metabolites can be generated metabolically by a one-electron reductase-catalyzed reaction or a "peroxidase" catalyzed oxidation or by photoactivation of a wide variety of aromatic xenobiotics. Radicals may also be generated during lipid peroxidation. Some radicals can react with DNA or bind covalently or ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8564219
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fish and shellfish caught in polluted waters contain potentially dangerous amounts of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Public concern was heightened when a large percentage of winter flounder taken from Boston Harbor was found to have visible cancer of the liver; winter flounder outside the estuary area had no liver ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.90-1519487
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the knowledge of high risk groups in the standard-setting process is examined. The overall conclusion is that many potential high risk segments of the population have not been studied adequately and that this deficiency in our knowledge markedly reduces the ability of decision makers to derive appropriate ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352257
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61445
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the effect of processing on polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels, milk from four dairy herds containing less than 0.3 ppm (fat basis) of physiologically incorporated PBBs was presented individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782337
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary vitamin E affects the susceptibility of mice and rats to ozone and nitrogen dioxide, suggesting a free radical mechanism of toxicity. Conventional peroxidation does not completely explain the effects of alterations of lung fatty acid composition on both nitrogen dioxide and ozone toxicity. A new scheme is prop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7929105
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are described which permit the rapid isolation of multiple target macromolecules from the tissues of animals exposed to chemical mutagens. DNA and selected chromosomal proteins are isolated in a simple two step separation scheme. Isolated nuclei are dissolved in 3 ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.856273
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cumulative lead exposure is associated with a widened pulse pressure (PP; the -difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), a marker of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) have been shown to modify the impact of cumulativ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002251
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously we have demonstrated that several xenobiotics can induce multidrug (mdr) gene expression in cultures of primary isolated hepatocytes. One of the best of these xenobiotic inducers in rat hepatocytes is 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), which induces mdr expression by an enhancement of mdr gene transcription. In...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6209
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Clean Air Act requires that sensitive subgroups of exposed populations be protected from adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. Hence, data suggesting the existence of sensitive subgroups can have an important impact on regulatory decisions. Some investigators have interpreted differences among individu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.90-1519500
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for uterine cancer in Japan, we compared the changes in the age-adjusted rates of potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to uterine cancer between 1969 and 1972 to 1973 through 1977 between the high coverage-rate (intensively screened) areas and the comparable control a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.908751
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The damaging effects of exposure to environmental toxicants differentially affect genetically distinct individuals, but the mechanisms contributing to these differences are poorly understood. Genetic variation affects the establishment of the gene regulatory landscape and thus gene expression, and we hypothe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1937
更新日期:2017-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally agreed that estrogens, and possibly androgens, are important in the etiology of breast cancer, but no consensus exists as to the precise estrogenic or androgenic environment that characterizes risk, or the exogenous factors that influence the hormonal milieu. Nearly all the epidemiological studies cond...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3587
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most studies on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breast cancer have focused on single compounds and have produced inconclusive findings. OBJECTIVES:We assessed the combined estrogenic effects of mixtures of xenoestrogens in serum and their relationship to breast cancer risk. METHODS:A total of 186 incide...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP157
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, b...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10788
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Concern persists over endocrine-disrupting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on human growth and sexual maturation. Potential effects of toxicant exposures on testosterone levels during puberty are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES:In this study we evaluated the relationship between toxicants...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205984
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To further the development and application of exposure markers in field investigations in reproductive epidemiology, we have synthesized recent examinations of the issues surrounding exposure measurements in reproductive epidemiology. The specific goals of this paper are to define exposure biomarkers and explore their...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.90-1519493
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that exposure of healthy volunteers to concentrated ambient air particles (CAPS) between 0.1 and 2.5 microm in diameter is associated with modulation of human alveolar macrophage (AM) function, cytokine production, and immune phenotype in both blood and lung. Thirty-eight volunteers were expos...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s4599
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although previous studies have reported negative associations between exposure to air pollution and cognition, studies of the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures in early childhood have been limited. OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess the role exposure to fine particulate matter ([Formula: see text]) du...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP3169
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report DNA binding of butadiene monoepoxide, a first metabolite of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by monooxygenases. We prepared alkylated purines as marker compounds for 32-P-postlabeling and electrochemical analysis and developed methods to measure the corresponding products. The traditional postlabeling a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s3655
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00