Abstract:
:High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are described which permit the rapid isolation of multiple target macromolecules from the tissues of animals exposed to chemical mutagens. DNA and selected chromosomal proteins are isolated in a simple two step separation scheme. Isolated nuclei are dissolved in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride and the DNA and chromosomal proteins separated on a TSK 3000 SW column. The DNA peak is retained for analysis and the chromatin proteins are dialyzed, lyophylized, and rechromatographed on a PRP-1 column to separate individual histones. Hemoglobin and albumin, two proteins that may prove useful for monitoring mutagen exposure, are isolated from 100 microL of blood by HPLC on a Poly Cat A cation exchange column. Using this approach, we have monitored the kinetics and dose response of adduct formation (and repair) to DNA, histone, hemoglobin and albumin in mice exposed to 7-bromomethylbenzanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. The results of these studies are described and briefly discussed. Experiments with other mutagens demonstrate the limits to which DNA adduct quantification may be pushed using radioisotopes. Exposures to very high specific activity (200 Ci/mmole) benzo(a)pyrene have allowed DNA adduct quantification down to a few adducts per cell.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Balhorn R,Mazrimas JA,Corzett Mdoi
10.1289/ehp.856273subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-10-01 00:00:00pages
73-9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tremor is one of the most common neurological signs, yet its etiology is poorly understood. Case-control studies suggest an association between blood lead and essential tremor, and that this association is modified by polymorphisms in the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) gene. OBJECTIVE:We aimed t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408535
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105850
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103276
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Industrial air pollution is a public health hazard. Previous evidence documented increased respiratory symptoms and hospitalizations in children who live near the factories in the largest chipboard manufacturing district in Italy (Viadana). OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association of outdoor exposure to form...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307259
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mammals methylate trivalent inorganic arsenic in liver to species that are released into the bloodstream and excreted in urine and feces. This study addresses how methylated arsenicals pass through cell membranes. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin channels, including Escherichia coli GlpF, Saccharomy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8600
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increases mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) subtype activity, which influences lipid metabolism. Because cholesterol is the substrate from which testosterone is synthesized, exposure to...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408847
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1996 the U.S. Congress charged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop a screening program to test chemicals for their possible estrogenic and other endocrine effects. Shortly thereafter, the Chemical Guidelines Program of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Environmental...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3363
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nasal cavity is susceptible to chemically induced injury as a result of exposure to inhaled irritants. Some responses of the nasal mucosa to inhaled toxicants are species specific. These species-related differences in response may be due to variations in structural, physiologic, and biochemical factors, such as gr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568334
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung counting is highly geometry dependent, especially at low photon energies. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the magnitude of the errors obtained if it is assumed that the deposition is homogeneous, when in fact it is not. Simulation for a germanium lung counting system consisting of four, 70 mm ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61393
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Organophosphate developmental neurotoxicity involves multiple mechanisms converging on neural cell replication and differentiation. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated mechanisms contributing to the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on DNA synthesis, cell number and size, and cell signaling mediated by adenylyl cyc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10194
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At n...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.761513
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In an effort to decrease the rates of smoking conventional tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been proposed as an effective smoking cessation tool. However, little is known about their toxicological impacts. This is concerning given that e-cigarette use is perceived as less harmful...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6067
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Building-related illness ranges from mild rhinitis to potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity pneumonitis and legionellosis. Sick-building syndrome, consisting of headache, mucous membrane irritation, and fatigue, may be present in 30% of all office workers. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, and legionellosi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.919567
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on gonadal sex differentiation, genetically male tadpoles of Rana rugosa were exposed to dilute solutions of DBP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, or 10 microM during days 19-23 after fertilization, which is the critical period of gonadal sex differentiation in R. rugosa. T...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.001081189
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated inhalation of silica dust can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in human lung and in experimental animal models. The alveolar macrophage is believed to play a pivotal role in this process. Numerous macrophage-derived growth factors, cytokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to contribute to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.929777
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that local public health agencies use local data to identify children at risk for lead exposure to ensure that they receive preventive services. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a geographic information system (GIS) in identifying...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0110989
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been increased concern over health effects related to potential exposure of building occupants to bioaerosols. We report the case of a worker with a respiratory illness related to bioaerosol exposure in a water-damaged building with extensive fungal contamination. We performed environmental tests to evaluate...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109641
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Often a compound's biological activity is determined by complex relationships between its structural components. Such a relationship often can only be adequately described and exploited by multivariate structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that can deal with many variables simultaneously. Pattern recognition (...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8561329
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a series of haloalkanes, haloethanols and haloacetaldehydes to induce mutations in Salmonella typhrimurium and preferentially to inhibit the growth of DNA polymerase-deficient E. coli (pol A(+)/pol A(-)) was investigated. For the haloalkanes investigated, the order of reactivities towards the E. coli po...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.772179
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of asbestos-induced human cancers is increasing worldwide, and considerable evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of these diseases. Our previous studies suggested that mitochondria might be involved in the initiation of oxidative stress in asbestos-expose...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104287
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental contaminants may play a role. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship between phthalate exposure and preterm birth. METHODS:Within a large Mexic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800522
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a population-based study of PFOA and PFOS and birth outcomes from 2005 through 2010 in a Mid-Ohio Valley community exposed to high levels of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206372
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal studies and small studies in humans have shown that uranium is nephrotoxic. However, more information about its renal effects in humans following chronic exposure through drinking water is required. We measured uranium concentrations in drinking water and urine in 325 persons who had used drilled wells for drin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110337
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much public health research has been directed to studies of cancer risks due to chemical agents. Recently, increasing attention has been given to adverse reproductive outcomes as another, shorter-term biologic indicator of public health impact. Further, several low-level ubiquitous physical agents have been implicated...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8981193
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the New Bedford Harbor and estuary in southeastern Massachusetts is among the sites in the United States that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Since 1993, measures of intraute...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106513
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have carried out a number of laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies and presented the results of these experiments in a series of Technical Reports. This paper tabulates the results of the 327 NCI/NTP studies carried out to date on 308 di...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8774229
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may contribute to the development of prostate cancer, few investigations have used biological samples to classify exposure to specific organochlorines. To our knowledge, this is the first p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901214
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the present understanding of asthma leads to the following conclusions: an elevated IgE is the principal risk factor in the development of childhood asthma; secondary exposure to a wide range of environmental agents (including indoor bioallergens) accounts for the variations in prevalence; prevalence (defi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6243
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drinking water in multiple water districts in the Mid-Ohio Valley has been contaminated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which was released by a nearby DuPont chemical plant. Two highly contaminated water districts began granular activated carbon filtration in 2007. OBJECTIVES:To determine the rate of de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901252
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00