Abstract:
:The nasal cavity is susceptible to chemically induced injury as a result of exposure to inhaled irritants. Some responses of the nasal mucosa to inhaled toxicants are species specific. These species-related differences in response may be due to variations in structural, physiologic, and biochemical factors, such as gross nasal cavity structure, distribution of luminal epithelial cell populations along the nasal airway, intranasal airflow patterns, nasal mucociliary apparatus, and nasal xenobiotic metabolism among animal species. This paper reviews the comparative anatomy and irritant-induced pathology of the nasal cavity in laboratory animals. The toxicologist, pathologist, and environmental risk assessor must have a good working knowledge of the similarities and differences in normal nasal structure and response to injury among species before they can select animal models for nasal toxicity studies, recognize toxicant-induced lesions in the nasal airway, and extrapolate experimental results to estimate the possible effects of an inhaled toxicant on the human nasal airway.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Harkema JRdoi
10.1289/ehp.85-1568334subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-04-01 00:00:00pages
231-8eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood lead exposure has been associated with growth delay. However, the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has not been characterized in a large cohort with low-level lead exposure. METHODS:We recruited 394 boys 8-9 years of age from an industrial Russi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206105
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of global change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning encompass multiple complex dynamic processes. Climate change and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are currently regarded as two of the most serious anthropogenic threats to biodiversity and ecosystems. We should, therefore, be espe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8057
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The populations of the developed nations of the world exhibit an increase in blood pressure with age, while in primitive societies blood pressure remains relatively constant throughout adult life. Hypertension may be a complex of diseases all having the same clinical manifestations but not being caused necessarily by ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792935
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlordane is a polychlorinated hydrocarbon that causes liver enlargement and induces mixed-function oxidases similar to those induced by phenobarbitone in the mouse. We have assessed the hepatocarcinogenicity (after 2 years) and the time course (over 6 months) of liver and thyroid cell proliferation in C57Bl/10J mice ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s5219
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies of the link between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and mortality rates have yielded a range of estimates, leading to disagreement about the magnitude of the relationship and the strength of the causal connection. Previous meta-analyses of this literature have provided pooled effect estima...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108109
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms governing the correlation between exposure to ultrafine particles and the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease remain unknown. Ultrafine particles appear to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier into the bloodstream, raising the possibility of direct contact with the vascular endothe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8497
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Globally, 2.8 billion people rely on household solid fuels. Reducing the resulting adverse health, environmental, and development consequences will involve transitioning through a mix of clean fuels and improved solid fuel stoves (IS) of demonstrable effectiveness. To date, achieving uptake of IS has present...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306639
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human controlled-exposure studies have assessed the impact of ambient fine particulate matter on cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability (HRV), but whether these effects are modified by concomitant ozone exposure remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:In this study we assessed the impact of O(3) a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900541
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research often suffers from overspecialization, a practice nurtured in academia and reinforced by funders. Indeed, investigators in household air pollution (HAP) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), working in poor parts of the world, rarely interact despite having similar training and using similar met...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP4752
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were used to study the general activity and the isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during single-instance and long-term introduction of polychlorocamphene. Total lactate dehydrogenase activity decreases in the liver during the single-instance introduction of half the LD50 (120 mg/kg). The isoenzyme...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7613127
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the "graying of America," the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) will make increasingly greater demands on Medicare/Medicaid resources, which will greatly strain the national economy. It is imperative that prevention and intervention strategies for t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atlantic coast estuaries recently have experienced fish kills and fish with lesions attributed to Pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates. Human health effects have been reported from laboratory exposure and from a 1997 Maryland fish kill. North Carolina has recorded Pfiesteria-related fish kill events over t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0110921
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to a wide variety of analyses and projections, the potential effects of global climate change on human health are large and diverse. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its basic, clinical, and population research portfolio of grants, has been increasing efforts to understand how ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104518
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Humans have been exposed to fine and ultrafine particles throughout their history. Since the Industrial Revolution, sources, doses, and types of nanoparticles have changed dramatically. In the last decade, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has led to an increase of engineered nanoparticles with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901200
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic bottles, food and beverage can linings, thermal receipts, and dental sealants. Animal and human studies suggest that BPA may disrupt thyroid function. Although thyroid hormones play a determinant role in human growth and brain devel...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205092
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) is a human toxicant and carcinogen. Genetic variation might affect long-term accumulation. Cd is absorbed via iron transporters. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the impact of iron homeostasis genes [divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2), transferrin (TF), transferrin receptors (TFR2 and TFRC), and fer...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205672
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biopersistence of fibers and minerals in the respiratory tract is an important parameter in the toxicity of those materials. The biopersistence of respirable synthetic fibers and minerals in man can be most closely evaluated in an animal model. While acellular and in vitro systems are important for initial evaluat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s515
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorination has been the major strategy for disinfection of drinking water in the United States. Concern about the potential health effects of the reaction by-products of chlorine has prompted use of alternative strategies. One such method is chloramination, a treatment process that does not appear to have carcinogen...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8669275
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated inhalation of silica dust can lead to inflammation and fibrosis in human lung and in experimental animal models. The alveolar macrophage is believed to play a pivotal role in this process. Numerous macrophage-derived growth factors, cytokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites have been shown to contribute to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.929777
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the fate of 14C-labeled vinyl chloride (VC) following oral administration and inhalation exposure in rats demonstrated that the disposition of VC in the body is a function of the dose. More importantly, from the data available, it appears that a correlation exists between doses of VC which cause tumors and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617145
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sex-specific associations have been reported between phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and child behavior. No data on large study populations are available for other phenols with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to study associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and seve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1314
更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Climate influences dengue ecology by affecting vector dynamics, agent development, and mosquito/human interactions. Although these relationships are known, the impact climate change will have on transmission is unclear. Climate-driven statistical and process-based models are being used to refine our knowledg...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306556
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A potential connection exists between exposure to organochlorine chemicals and the increasing prevalence of endometriosis. Evidence shows that dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) can increase the incidence and severity of the disease in monkeys and can promote the growth or survival of endometrial tissue impl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0211015
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment. Case reports have suggested that maternal exposure to high levels of Tl during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but epidemiological data are limited. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to evaluate whether pren...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409202
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is general concern that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the environment, wildlife, food, water, house dust, human tissues, and fluids may alter normal human physiologic activities (e.g., fetal development, immune and endocrine systems). Although the levels of some POPs [polychlorinated bi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800205
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-dose boric acid (BA) exposure produces testicular lesions in adult rats characterized by inhibited spermiation (IS) that may progress to atrophy. In vivo and in vitro studies addressed possible mechanisms. In vivo, boron tissue disposition was examined, since no detailed data existed, and relevant boron concentra...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s799
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metals have been mined and used since ancient times. The industrial era has seen a sharp increase in both the amounts and variety of metals that find applications in industry. The inadvertent release of metals, such as from fossil fuel consumption, also adds to the global burden. A number of catastrophic outbreaks hav...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s19
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of inhaled zinc oxide/hexachloroethane smoke (11,580 mg x min/m3) and intratracheally instilled zinc chloride (2.5 mg/kg body weight) have been studied in rat lung. The effects of subsequent treatment with 70% oxygen have been studied after both procedures. Both the inhalation of the smoke and instillation...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568343
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serious problems emerge when evaluating evidence on lead neurotoxicity in children. The extent of these problems and ways to control them were explored in a study of 1291 children from the first class in the schools of Aarhus municipality, Denmark. The lead retention in circumpulpal dentin in shed deciduous teeth was ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94-1567959
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00