Abstract:
:Elucidation of the role of vinyl chloride metabolites in the various reaction sequences which comprise the metabolic pathway, including the interaction of reactive metabolities with some purine and pyrimidine residues of target-organ DNA, provides some explanation for the (oncogenic) properties associated with the original substance. Comparative investigation of the biological fate of vinylidene chloride reveals an agent of low oncogenic potential which is likely to be damaging only under special circumstances, and species differences which suggest that the mouse is more susceptible than the rat towards vinylidene chloride oncogenicity.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Hathway DEdoi
10.1289/ehp.772155subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-12-01 00:00:00pages
55-9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxicology studies have shown adverse effects of developmental exposure to industrial phenols. Evaluation in humans is challenged by potentially marked within-subject variability of phenol biomarkers in pregnant women, which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to characterize within-day, between-da...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1994
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::During 1992 and 1993 the Wisconsin Division of Health investigated five cases in which copper-contaminated drinking water was suspected of causing gastrointestinal upsets. Each of these case studies was conducted after our office was notified of high copper levels in drinking water or notified of unexplained illnesses...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102958
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostaglandin-H synthase is unique among enzymes of the plant and animal kingdom in its ability to biosynthesize and metabolize hydroperoxides. Its cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates polyunsaturated fatty acids to hydroperoxy endoperoxides, and its peroxidase activity reduces the hydroperoxy group to hydroxy groups. H...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.90885
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s2349
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potential public health effects associated with exposure to metal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators through noninhalation pathways were evaluated. Instead of relying on modeling the movement of toxicants through various environmental media, an approach based on estimating changes from baseline levels of expo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102105
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a population-based study of PFOA and PFOS and birth outcomes from 2005 through 2010 in a Mid-Ohio Valley community exposed to high levels of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206372
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (HO-PCBs) and octachlorostyrene (4-HO-HpCS), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were determined in umbilical cord plasma samples from three different regions of Québec. The regions studied included two coastal areas where exposure to PCBs is...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110411
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s39
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure continues to represent a public health problem, despite increasingly restrictive laws adopted by most industrialized countries. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive asbestos-related malignancy. We present the case of a 65-year-old man who developed recurrent...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6542
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of copper(I)-metallothionein is not well understood. The respiratory function of hemocyanin, a copper(I)-containing respiratory protein found in the hemolymph of many invertebrates, has been known a long time. However, the mechanism by which Cu(I) is inserted into the oxygen-binding site of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866593
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lymphocyte micronucleus assay was used to measure the average frequency of micronuclei in a population and thus assess genotoxic effects. Data from 174 persons give an average value of 16.4 +/- 7.3, and a slight age-dependence was observed. To detect combined environmental mutagen injuries the micronucleus assay w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521140
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that should be considered in the design and interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity studies. Toxicologic effects on the developing nervous system depend on the delivered dose, exposure duration, and developmental stage at which exposure occurred. Several phar...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s1101
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, have developed a unique imaging system capable of focusing on a single living cell within an organism. This new technology will be used in what the multidisciplinary team has termed a "cellular observatory" to study the effect of environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a566
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pavlovian conditioning processes may contribute to some symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This review summarizes the potential relevance of the literature on conditional taste and olfactory aversions, conditional sensitization, and conditional immunomodulation to understanding MCS. A conditioning-based ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2521
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes the clinical phenomenology of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), outlines the concepts and evidence for the olfactory-limbic, neural sensitization model for MCS, and discusses experimental design implications of the model for exposure-related research. Neural sensitization is the progressive am...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2457
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental tools for studying the complex steroidogenic interactions that occur between placenta and fetus during human pregnancy are extremely limited. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to develop a co-culture model to study steroidogenesis by the human fetoplacental unit and its disruption by exposure to environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307518
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducts a variety of surveys designed to provide cross-sectional estimates of the prevalence of various factors measuring the health of Americans. When these cross-sectional estimates are put together and plotted over time, they provide a picture of the trends in the h...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562267
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central feature of hemopoiesis is life-long, stable cell renewal. This process is supported by hemopoietic stem cells which, in the steady state, appear to be dormant in cell cycling. The entry into cell cycle of the dormant stem cells may be promoted by such factors as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and gra...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8980199
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis has been put forward that humans and wildlife species adverse suffered adverse health effects after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Reported adverse effects include declines in populations, increases in cancers, and reduced reproductive function. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency spon...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s4715
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential CYP1A1 inducibility, reflecting variations in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity among inbred mouse strains, is an important determinant of environmental toxicity. We took advantage of the Ahr polymorphism in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice to develop an oligonucleotide-hybridization screening approach f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.106-1533118
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neuro-toxicant. Emerging evidence indicates it may have adverse effects on the neuro-logic and other body systems at common low levels of exposure. Impacts of MeHg exposure could vary by individual susceptibility or be confounded by beneficial nutrients in fish containing MeHg...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104494
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tubing soft and flexible. Animal data show that adverse effects of DEHP exposure may include reduced fertility, reduced sperm production in males, and ovarian dysfunction in females. Known treatments that involve high DEHP exposures are...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6901
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally agreed that estrogens, and possibly androgens, are important in the etiology of breast cancer, but no consensus exists as to the precise estrogenic or androgenic environment that characterizes risk, or the exogenous factors that influence the hormonal milieu. Nearly all the epidemiological studies cond...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3587
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between ambient air pollution and adverse health effects, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied extensively in many countries, including Canada. Recently, studies conducted in China, the Czech Republic, and the Unit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6251
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary components express a wide range of activities that can affect carcinogenesis. Naturally occurring substances in foods have been shown in laboratory experiments to serve as dietary antimutagens, either as bioantimutagens or as desmutagens. Dietary desmutagens may function as chemical inactivaters, enzymatic ind...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s8177
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines behavioral changes in natural populations of wildlife associated with pollution. Although some changes such as lack of nest attentiveness and decreased nest defense have been noted, the results have not been consistent and have been difficult to relate to specific pollutants. Experimental studies i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s2331
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the aquatic environment, diet is an important route of exposure for the common contaminant and procarcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Dietary organisms vary in their BaP content and in contaminated areas often contain other xenobiotics including cytochrome P4501A inducers. This study examined the effect of dose and pr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106155
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis is associated with bleomycin administration to humans. The sequential reactions of lung cells to this drug have now been investigated in mice following injection of 20 mg/kg bleomycin twice per week for 4 to 8 weeks. Cytoplasmic and subendothelial edema was first observed in large vessels an...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7616119
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(vinyl chloride) resins are produced by four basic processes: suspension, emulsion, bulk and solution polymerization. PVC suspensions resins are usually relatively dust-free and granular with varying degrees of particle porosity. PVC emulsion resins are small particle powders containing very little free monomer. B...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8141123
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00