Abstract:
:We present evidence that the El Niño phenomenon intensifies the annual cycle of malaria cases for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in endemic areas of Colombia as a consequence of concomitant anomalies in the normal annual cycle of temperature and precipitation. We used simultaneous analyses of both variables at both timescales, as well as correlation and power spectral analyses of detailed spatial (municipal) and temporal (monthly) records. During "normal years," endemic malaria in rural Colombia exhibits a clear-cut "normal" annual cycle, which is tightly associated with prevalent climatic conditions, mainly mean temperature, precipitation, dew point, and river discharges. During historical El Niño events (interannual time scale), the timing of malaria outbreaks does not change from the annual cycle, but the number of cases intensifies. Such anomalies are associated with a consistent pattern of hydrological and climatic anomalies: increase in mean temperature, decrease in precipitation, increase in dew point, and decrease in river discharges, all of which favor malaria transmission. Such coupling explains why the effect appears stronger and more persistent during the second half of El Niño's year (0), and during the first half of the year (+1). We illustrate this finding with data for diverse localities in Buenaventura (on the Pacific coast) and Caucasia (along the Cauca river floodplain), but conclusions have been found valid for multiple localities throughout endemic regions of Colombia. The identified coupling between annual and interannual timescales in the climate-malaria system shed new light toward understanding the exact linkages between environmental, entomological, and epidemiological factors conductive to malaria outbreaks, and also imposes the coupling of those timescales in public health intervention programs.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Poveda G,Rojas W,Quiñones ML,Vélez ID,Mantilla RI,Ruiz D,Zuluaga JS,Rua GLdoi
10.1289/ehp.01109489subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
489-93issue
5eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
sc271_5_1835journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Although exposure to many industrially important monomers is controlled by law, few of these reactive chemicals have been determined in human tissues. Analogy with other fat-soluble organic substances strongly implies that these monomers may be retained in tissue, subject to the usual physiological constraints of meta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617183
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doi:10.1289/ehp.803589
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doi:10.1289/ehp.9810623
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2017-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4843
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792957
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.00108323
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s1105
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1289/EHP1246
更新日期:2017-08-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.866997
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00