Abstract:
:This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiological role for AAT deficiency, especially of intermediate degree, has proven to be difficult. Confounding variables such as enzyme concentration in PMN and PAMs, duration of exposure to potential environmental hazards, differences in laboratory methods utilized in measuring AAT and in studying pulmonary function all require investigation. The definitive study, incorporating all of these and other factors, has yet to be conducted. No single, clear-cut conclusion can be drawn from analysis of present studies. In those circumstances in which heterozygotes appear to be predisposed to COPD, phenotypic screening of the population at potential risk, such as industrial workers may be appropriate. Conversely, in conditions in which no association is demonstrated, such screening would not be justified. Perhaps, the best one can do is to suggest a "Scotch verdict"; that is, the issue of causation is not proven.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Evans HE,Bognacki Ndoi
10.1289/ehp.792957subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-04-01 00:00:00pages
57-61eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Prostaglandins (PGs) play key roles in development and maintenance of homeostasis of the adult body. Despite these important roles, it remains unclear whether the PG pathway is a target for endocrine disruption. However, several known endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) share a high degree of structural si...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002635
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo bone lead measurement using K X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) has been used to estimate long-term lead exposure, especially in adults. Relatively few studies have been conducted on young subjects with this technique. To explore the measurement variability of KXRF bone lead measurements in young subjects, the tibiae ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108239
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood oxygen equilibrium curves (O2 ECs), blood buffer lines, and several hematologic properties were determined for adult guinea pigs exposed to 700 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC) for 15 min. MIC inhalation effected a significant reduction of blood O2 affinity; the half-saturation pressure (P50) at 38 degrees C in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.877235
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro liver preparations are increasingly used for the study of hepatotoxicity of chemicals. In recent years their actual advantages and limitations have been better defined. The cell models, slices, and mainly primary hepatocyte cultures, appear to be the most powerful in vitro systems, as liver-specific functions...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106511
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The industrial accident that occurred in the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 exposed a large population to substantial amounts of relatively pure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Extensive monitoring of soil levels and measurements of a limited number of human blood samples allowed classification of the exposed pop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106625
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although a long latency period of toxicity after exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is known to exist in humans, few animal studies have addressed this issue. Substantiation of delayed MeHg toxicity in animals would affect the risk evaluation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the e...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10906
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental estrogens are of particular concern when exposure occurs during embryonic development. Although there are good models to study estrogenic activity of chemicals in adult animals, developmental exposure is much more difficult to test. The weak estrogenic activity of the environmental estrogen bisphenol A (...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7155
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothioneins (MTs) are encoded by a multigene family in man. We have isolated those genes and analyzed the structure of some of them. The MT-II variant is encoded by a single functional gene: MT-IIA. The MT-IIB gene is a processed pseudogene derived from a reverse transcript of MT-II mRNA. On the other hand, the M...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8454111
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence on the association between colorectal cancer and exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES:We assessed long-term exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), the most prevalent group of chlorination by-products, to evaluate the association with colorectal cancer. ME...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1289/EHP155
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing public pressure to minimize the use of vertebrates in ecotoxicity testing; therefore, effective alternatives to toxicity tests causing suffering are being sought. This report discusses alternatives and differs in some respects from the reports of the other three groups because the primary concern is w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type:
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106441
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric study was made of the gills of tench (Tinca tinca, L.) subjected to acute experimental lead nitrate poisoning. Twenty-one adult tench were subjected to poisoning and a further 22 were used as controls. Lesions were characterized by the appearance of edema and epithelial...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9089137
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHTN) proposes to link environmental hazards and exposures to health outcomes. Statistical methods used in case-control and cohort studies to link health outcomes to individual exposure estimates are well developed. However, reliable exposure estimates for many contam...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7145
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rates of preterm birth have been rising over the past several decades. Factors contributing to this trend remain largely unclear, and exposure to environmental contaminants may play a role. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship between phthalate exposure and preterm birth. METHODS:Within a large Mexic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800522
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system comprises a highly integrated network of multiple tissues and cell types with complicated interactions and effects. It is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems and there is growing realization of its multifunctionality. The session focusing on immunologic effects of dioxin and related compou...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s2157
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several examples of categorized data from epidemiological studies are analyzed to illustrate that more informative analysis than tests of independence can be performed by fitting models. All of the analyses fit into a unified conceptual framework that can be performed by weighted least squares. The methods presented s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7932169
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7720253
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grafting experiments show that the enhanced sensitivity of the SENCAR mouse to skin carcinogenesis by initiation and promotion is a property of the skin itself, suggesting the usefulness of in vitro studies to elucidate the mechanism. Such studies have indicated that cultured epidermal cells of SENCAR mice and the res...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866839
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central feature of hemopoiesis is life-long, stable cell renewal. This process is supported by hemopoietic stem cells which, in the steady state, appear to be dormant in cell cycling. The entry into cell cycle of the dormant stem cells may be promoted by such factors as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and gra...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8980199
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we report results of the second phase of a larger study designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of living near a Superfund site containing organochlorine pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and metals. Phase II was conducted to determine whether living near the site, consisting of six ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.001081113
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short articles on the following topics: *NIEHS Strategic Plan: New Frontiers in Environmental Sciences and Human Health; Beyond the Bench: Environmental Health Nursing: Putting Knowledge into Practice; Headliners: Inhibition of RLIP76 Causes Complete Regression of Melanoma in Mice. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Organophosphates elicit developmental neurotoxicity through multiple mechanisms other than their shared property as cholinesterase inhibitors. Accordingly, these agents may differ in their effects on specific brain circuits. OBJECTIVES:We gave parathion to neonatal rats [postnatal days (PNDs) 1-4], at daily...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11451
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the aquatic environment, diet is an important route of exposure for the common contaminant and procarcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Dietary organisms vary in their BaP content and in contaminated areas often contain other xenobiotics including cytochrome P4501A inducers. This study examined the effect of dose and pr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106155
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldeh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521147
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of sodium selenite administered intragastrically in repeated doses to rats receiving ethylmercuric chloride po in various repeated doses (0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg) on the excretion, whole-body retention, and organ distribution of mercury was studied. Selenium was found to affect the distribution of ethylmercury...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.39-1568742
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although numerous epidemiologic studies now use models of intraurban exposure, there has been little systematic evaluation of the performance of different models. OBJECTIVES:In this present article we proposed a modeling framework for assessing exposure model performance and the role of spatial autocorrelat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9849
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The many anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences among various mammalian species make it difficult to extrapolate carcinogenic potency data from animals to humans. The process is further complicated by the multistep origin of most malignant tumors in animals and humans due to the interaction of target c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.887773
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is under a congressional mandate to revise its current standard for arsenic in drinking water. We present a risk assessment for cancers of the bladder, liver, and lung from exposure to arsenic in water, based on data from 42 villages in an arseniasis-endemic region of Taiwan. W...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108655
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern about apparent increases in the prevalence of hypospadias--a congenital male reproductive-tract abnormality--in the 1960s to 1980s and the possible connection to increasing exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals have underlined the importance of effective surveillance of hypospadias prevalence in the popu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6398
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gas phase reactions of carbanions with molecular oxygen in both its ground state (X3 sigma g-) and first electronically excited state (a1 delta g) have been studied by the flowing afterglow technique. Reactions include cleavage processes, charge transfer, hydride transfer, formation of hydroxide ion and processes ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8036119
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00