Abstract：
:Concern about apparent increases in the prevalence of hypospadias--a congenital male reproductive-tract abnormality--in the 1960s to 1980s and the possible connection to increasing exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals have underlined the importance of effective surveillance of hypospadias prevalence in the population. We report here the prevalence of hypospadias from 1980 to 1999 in 20 regions of Europe with EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies) population-based congenital anomaly registers, 14 of which implemented a guideline to exclude glanular hypospadias. We also report data from the England and Wales National Congenital Anomaly System (NCAS). Our results do not suggest a continuation of rising trends of hypospadias prevalence in Europe. However, a survey of the registers and a special validation study conducted for the years 1994-1996 in nine EUROCAT registers as well as NCAS identified a clear need for a change in the guidelines for registration of hypospadias. We recommend that all hypospadias be included in surveillance, but that information from surgeons be obtained to verify location of the meatus, and whether surgery was performed, in order to interpret trends. Investing resources in repeated special surveys may be more cost-effective than continuous population surveillance. We conclude that it is doubtful whether we have had the systems in place worldwide for the effective surveillance of hypospadias in relation to exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Dolk H,Vrijheid M,Scott JE,Addor MC,Botting B,de Vigan C,de Walle H,Garne E,Loane M,Pierini A,Garcia-Minaur S,Physick N,Tenconi R,Wiesel A,Calzolari E,Stone Ddoi
10.1289/ehp.6398subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-01 00:00:00pages
398-402issue
3eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Exceptional aging, defined as reaching age 85 years, shows geographic inequalities that may depend on local environmental conditions. Links between particulate pollution-a well-recognized environmental risk factor-and exceptional aging have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES:We conducted a nationwide analysi...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP197
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.7651
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102s5197
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7827239
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.99107a566
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.99107349
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.02110721
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7107
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
