Abstract:
:In vitro liver preparations are increasingly used for the study of hepatotoxicity of chemicals. In recent years their actual advantages and limitations have been better defined. The cell models, slices, and mainly primary hepatocyte cultures, appear to be the most powerful in vitro systems, as liver-specific functions and responsiveness to inducers are retained either for a few days or several weeks depending on culture conditions. Maintenance of phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities allows various chemical investigations to be performed, including determination of kinetic parameters, metabolic profile, interspecies comparison, inhibition and induction effects, and drug-drug interactions. In vitro liver cell models also have various applications in toxicology: screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic compounds, evaluation of chemoprotective agents, and determination of characteristic liver lesions and associated biochemical mechanisms induced by toxic compounds. Extrapolation of the results to the in vivo situation remains a matter of debate. Presently, the most convincing applications of liver cell models are the studies on different aspects of metabolism and mechanisms of toxicity. For the future, there is a need for better culture conditions and differentiated hepatocyte cell lines to overcome the limited availability of human liver tissues. In addition, strategies for in vitro analysis of potentially toxic chemicals must be better defined.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Guillouzo Adoi
10.1289/ehp.98106511subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
511-32eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
106 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Exposure to low levels of chemicals indoors is often to a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is of interest to determine if the symptomatic and sensory responses can be attributed to a single chemical or to a mixture of chemicals. To determine if sensory or symptomatic responses differ with exposure to s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106739
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Humans have been exposed to fine and ultrafine particles throughout their history. Since the Industrial Revolution, sources, doses, and types of nanoparticles have changed dramatically. In the last decade, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has led to an increase of engineered nanoparticles with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901200
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we give some examples of using databases of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity for quantitative and qualitative correlation studies between short-term tests and carcinogenicity. The quality of the databases is obviously important, but one of the major deficiencies of present databases is that they are too ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919661
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the New Bedford Harbor and estuary in southeastern Massachusetts is among the sites in the United States that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Since 1993, measures of intraute...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106513
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study to determine the contribution of lead to blood from consumption of calcium supplements approximating the recommended daily intakes over a 6-month period. Subjects were males and females ages 21 to 47 years (geometric mean 32 years) with a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 2.5...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109283
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61445
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Functional limitations are a major cause for needing care and institutionalization among older adults. Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with increased functional limitations in older people. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the association between air pollution and physical...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2239
更新日期:2018-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Metals have been mined and used since ancient times. The industrial era has seen a sharp increase in both the amounts and variety of metals that find applications in industry. The inadvertent release of metals, such as from fossil fuel consumption, also adds to the global burden. A number of catastrophic outbreaks hav...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s19
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques are available to minimize the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Filtration research conducted at locations on Lake Superior and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington has shown that amphibole and chrysotile fibers can be removed by granular media filtration. Removal percentages can exceed ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8353169
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of inhaled mineral fibers in the lung determines the site and severity of disease caused by the fibers. Some of our recent work has described the fate of inhaled asbestos fibers in rodents. After a brief inhalation exposure, asbestos fibers are deposited primarily at the first alveolar duct bifurcatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5197
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) represents a common neurodegenerative disorder. An estimated 2% of the U.S. population, age 65 and older, develops IPD. The number of IPD patients will certainly increase over the next several decades as the baby-boomers gradually step into this high-risk age group, concomitant wit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3429
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous investigations suggest that dietary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to the PAH-DNA adduct load in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). In the current study, we measured PAH-DNA adducts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in WBCs obtained from 47 California wildland (forest) fire...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9399265
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is ongoing discussion that inhaled nanoparticles (NPs, < 100 nm) may translocate from epithelial deposition sites of the lungs to systemic circulation. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:We studied the disappearance of NPs from the epithelium by sequential lung retention and clearance and bronchoalveolar lavage (...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9685
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of biological response to an environmental agent can depend on dose, thus in this case a family of widely different dose-response relationships would be expected. For those situations where the magnitude of the effect may be determined on probabilistic grounds as a function of dose ("stochastic" model), no p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.814245
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current research indicates a role for several oncogenes in radiation-induced carcinogenesis in vivo and cell transformation in vitro. Certain oncogenes are probably also involved in some cases of human cancer caused by exposure to nonionizing radiation and may play a mechanistic role in the phenomenon of radioresistan...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.919345
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Millions of people worldwide consume arsenic-contaminated rice; however, little is known about the uptake and bioavailability of arsenic species after arsenic-contaminated rice ingestion. OBJECTIVES:In this study, we assessed arsenic speciation in greenhouse-grown and supermarket-bought rice, and determined...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9322
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haloalkane toxicity originates from attack on biological targets by reactive intermediates derived from haloalkane metabolism by a hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450. Carbon-centered radicals and their peroxyl derivatives are most likely involved. The reactions of iron porphyrin--a model for cytochrome P-450--with various ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.856453
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from published studies, lung concentrations of nickel were compare for persons with and without occupational exposure to nickel. As expected, the concentrations were much higher for persons with occupational exposure. To estimate the effects of nickel-containing tobacco smoke and nickel in the ambient air o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8981221
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to examine the mort...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10918
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may play a role in the development of metabolic alterations in offspring during childhood. However, whether such exposure increases the risk of developing similar metabolic alterations during adulthood is uncertain. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the as...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104563
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In different weather conditions, constituents and concentrations of pollutants, personal exposure, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary. In this study we assessed the effects of four air pollutants on mortality in both cool and warm seasons in Hong Kong, a subtropical city. Daily counts of mortality, due t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109335
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in the emerging field of toxicogenomics is to define the relationships between chemically induced changes in gene expression and alterations in conventional toxicologic parameters such as clinical chemistry and histopathology. We have explored these relationships in detail using the rodent uterotroph...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/txg.7345
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and elevated blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A small number of studies have investigated the relationship between PM and BP and found mixed results. Evidence suggests ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900591
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic pollutants released by the World Trade Center (WTC) fires and various urban combustion sources. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a representative member of the class of PAHs. PAH-DNA adducts, or BaP-DNA adducts as their proxy, provide a measure of chemical-specific genetic dama...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7908
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies report a small but positive association between short-term increases in airborne particulate matter and small increases in morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease in urban areas. However, the lack of a mechanistic explanation to link particle exposure and human healt...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are a number of technical and statistical problems in monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of local area death rates in the United States for evidence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic strategy is proposed to reduce one of the major statistical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560369
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:"Airwave" is the new communication system currently being rolled out across the United Kingdom for the police and emergency services, based on the Terrestrial Trunked Radio Telecommunications System (TETRA). Some police officers have complained about skin rashes, nausea, headaches, and depression as a conseq...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901416
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thyroid hormones are important regulators of brain development. During critical periods of development, even transient disorders in thyroid hormone availability may lead to profound neurologic impairment. Animal experiments have shown that certain environmental pollutants, including heavy metals and organoch...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10486
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traffic noise has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Potential modes of action are through stress and sleep disturbance, which may lead to endocrine dysregulation and overweight. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate the relationship between residential traffic and railway noise and a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409052
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00