Abstract:
:The distribution of inhaled mineral fibers in the lung determines the site and severity of disease caused by the fibers. Some of our recent work has described the fate of inhaled asbestos fibers in rodents. After a brief inhalation exposure, asbestos fibers are deposited primarily at the first alveolar duct bifurcations, and fibrotic lesions are initiated. These sites of deposition occur as close to the visceral pleura as 220 micron. Several studies have suggested that short fibers are cleared from the lung more efficiently than long ones, and our data support this view. Our laboratory has shown that aerosolized chrysotile fibers longer than 16 microns can be deposited in the peripheral lung parenchyma of rats, and the measured clearance rate of these fibers is not significantly different from zero. Chrysotile, but no amphibole, fibers split longitudinally, so that the number of retained chrysotile fibers > or = 16 microns in length increases over time. We have not observed significant changes in chemical composition of chrysotile fibers up to 30 days post-deposition in the rat. Nor have we observed translocation of chrysotile fibers from the "central" regions of the lung toward the subpleural regions. However, 1 month after a single 3-hr exposure to chrysotile asbestos, the longest, most pathogenic fibers persist throughout the lung parenchyma. These retained fibers have the potential to cause disease in both parenchyma and pleura.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Coin PG,Roggli VL,Brody ARdoi
10.1289/ehp.94102s5197subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
197-9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
102 Suppl 5pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP351
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in ur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.803589
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of cigarette smoke and high-level occupational asbestos exposure produces a synergistic increase in the incidence of lung cancer; however, smoking does not affect the incidence of mesothelioma. Here we present the results of tests of two theories that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon; name...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101326
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of asbestos-induced human cancers is increasing worldwide, and considerable evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of these diseases. Our previous studies suggested that mitochondria might be involved in the initiation of oxidative stress in asbestos-expose...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104287
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. Most indoor exposure occurs by diffusion of soil gas. Radon is also found in well water, natural gas, and ambient air. Pennsylvania has high indoor radon concentrations; buildings are often tested during real estate transactions, with results report...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409014
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human milk is a repository for certain classes of long-lived, fat-soluble environmental contaminant chemicals. Some members of this class, such as the chlorinated pesticides and the chlorinated biphenyls, can be expected to be present at chemical waste disposal sites. Analysis of samples of breast milk obtained from w...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834887
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biodosimetric approach to determine alpha-particle dose to the respiratory tract epithelium from known exposures to radon has been developed in the rat. Cytotoxicity assays have been used to obtain dose-conversion factors for cumulative exposures typical of those encountered by underground uranium miners. However, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4913
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the en...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s655
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is widespread concern regarding the safety of silver-mercury amalgam dental restorations, yet little evidence to support their harm or safety. We examined whether mercury dental amalgams are adversely associated with cognitive functioning in a cross-sectional sample of healthy working adults. We studied 550 adul...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5879
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cumulative lead exposure is associated with a widened pulse pressure (PP; the -difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), a marker of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) have been shown to modify the impact of cumulativ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002251
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1510345
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many substances are active in in vitro tests for estrogenic activity, but data from multigenerational and other toxicity studies are not available for many of those substances. Controversy has arisen, therefore, concerning the likelihood of adverse health effects. Based on a toxic equivalence factor risk assessment ap...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s3655
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organophosphates in increasing amounts and wider varieties of molecular structure are being used to replace the organochlorine pesticides. It has been assumed that the organophosphates as a class would have a minimal chronic toxicity due to rapid hydrolysis and an unfavorable partitioning as regards to lipids. The phy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.761377
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence suggests a proatherogenic role for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA2). A meta-analysis of published cohorts has shown that Lp-PLA2 is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events and stroke. OBJECTIVE:In this study, we investigated whether the association betw...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002681
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to oxidants is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) by which oxidants contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. Since oncogene activation plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage might contribute to ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s10155
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In animals, some phthalates impair male reproductive development and function. Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent evidence of associations between phthalates and markers of human testicular function. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to provide estimates of the effects of phthalate exposure on reproductiv...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205113
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachloroph...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11081
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the United States, most of the treated sewage sludge (biosolids) is applied to farmland as a soil amendment. Critics suggest that rules regulating sewage sludge treatment and land application may be insufficient to protect public health and the environment. Neighbors of land application sites report illne...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205470
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead encephalopathy was induced in developing Long-Evans rats by adding lead carbonate (4% w/w) to the diet of nursing mother immediately after delivery. The morphological and biochemical features of cerebral ontogenesis were studied in 30-day-old rats. By the 30th postnatal day, the overall effect of lead intoxicatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.747187
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knowledge of specific problems of occupational cancer in Spain is scarce. The environment of the workplace has improved over the last few years after a long period distinguished by bad working conditions, incomplete legislation, and insufficient safety measures and control. It has been estimated that 3,083,479 wor...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.107-1566267
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consideration of ethical issues relating to pediatric environmental health is a recent phenomenon. Discussions of biomedical ethics, research on children, and environmental health research have a longer history. In the late 1990s, researchers at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, undertook a stu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9000
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothionein from livers of mice was isolated by gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing. One of two forms thus obtained contained 32 percent cysteine. This form, labeled in vitro with 109Cd, was injected intravenously in mice, and the distribution of 109Cd was studied. Animals killed after 4 hrs had over 80 pe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7512103
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101510
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies examining the association between exposure to tap water contaminants (such as chlorination by-products) and disease outcomes (such as cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes) have been limited by inaccurate exposure assessment. Failure to take into account the variation in beverage and tap wat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9810655
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic exposure to well water arsenic (As) remains a major rural health challenge in Bangladesh and some other developing countries. Many mitigation programs have been implemented to reduce As exposure, although evaluation studies for these efforts are rare in the literature. OBJECTIVES:In this study we es...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409462
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic pollutants released by the World Trade Center (WTC) fires and various urban combustion sources. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a representative member of the class of PAHs. PAH-DNA adducts, or BaP-DNA adducts as their proxy, provide a measure of chemical-specific genetic dama...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7908
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The biological mechanisms involved in inflammatory response to air pollution are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE:In this study we assessed the association of short-term air pollutant exposure with inflammatory markers and lung function. METHODS:We studied a cohort of 158 asthmatic and 50 nonasthmatic sch...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10926
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last three decades, the use of modern organic synthetic pesticides has increased about 40-fold. Total U.S. production, for domestic and expert use, in 1976 was about 1.4 million pounds. Crops receiving the most intensive application of various pesticides were cotton for insecticides, corn for herbicides, an...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7827103
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most research on walking for transport has focused on the walkability of residential neighborhoods, overlooking the contribution of places of work/study and the ease with which destinations outside the immediate neighborhood can be accessed, referred to as regional accessibility. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to exam...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP3395
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:THE APHENA (AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH: A Combined European and North American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the effect of air pollution on population health, bringing together data from the European APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) and U.S. N...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11345
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00