Abstract:
:Chronic nicotine exposure enhances axon reflexes in adult rats. Since smoking mothers expose their infants to nicotine, this study investigated whether late gestational and or lactational maternal nicotine exposure affects neonatal axon reflexes. Osmotic pumps, implanted subcutaneously in adult female rats, delivered either nicotine (5 mg kg-1 day-1) or saline. Axon reflex responses of infant progeny, evoked by iontophoresis of 2 mC acetylcholine, were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Nicotine-exposed infants showed significantly enhanced axon reflexes during both gestational and lactational nicotine exposure, which recovered after exposure ceased. Controls did not exhibit these changes. Maternal nicotine exposure reversibly sensitized nicotinic cholinoceptors on infant cutaneous sensory nerves, but not muscarinic cholinoceptors on vascular endothelium. This may result from upregulation of cutaneous nicotinic cholinoceptors.
journal_name
Neuroreportjournal_title
Neuroreportauthors
Grunfeld JA,Tiedemann GJ,Westerman RAdoi
10.1097/00001756-199306000-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-06-01 00:00:00pages
635-8issue
6eissn
0959-4965issn
1473-558Xjournal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROREPORT文献大全abstract::In the present study, the activity changes of chicken retinal ganglion cells in response to light stimuli with defined contrast were investigated, in the presence of various levels of sustained background illumination. Following a step increase of light illumination, the firing rate of most retinal ganglion cells incr...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200503150-00013
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral nervous system injury may be corrected by surgical repair, but in many cases this is not possible and will result in loss of motor and sensory function. Schwann cells provide many neurotrophic signals essential for axon regeneration and immediately after injury inflammatory cytokines are released necessary ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200403010-00022
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Removal of the labyrinthine organs on one side results in static and dynamic disturbances. Some functional recovery occurs over time and is paralleled in frogs by an increase in the efficacy of central vestibular pathways. Here, we report concomitant increases in dorsal root evoked ventral root responses in the brachi...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that interleukin-1beta facilitates pain, but the mechanisms of this are not understood. This study investigated the role of interleukin-1beta in the expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and hyperalgesia caused by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into one hind paw of the rat. Interleukin-...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3280586839
更新日期:2007-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid hormones, which play an important role in the development and regeneration of the nervous system, require the presence of specific nuclear T3 receptors (NT3R). In this study we provide evidence that NT3R expression by Schwann cells was up-regulated in response to a loss of axonal contact in vitro and in vivo. ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199311180-00010
更新日期:1993-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::The study aimed to investigate the time-course of electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced effects on human cognitive and behavioral performance and on tympanic temperature. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, exposed to a 902.40 MHz EMF before the testing session, or to the same signal during the data collectin...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00001756-200401190-00031
更新日期:2004-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Evidences in the central nervous system are in favor that adenosine under basal conditions is released by a direct excitation-secretion modality. However, till now, there is no direct evidence that adenosine is contained in synaptic vesicles. Eight synaptic vesicle fractions were recovered on a discontinuous sucrose g...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000033
更新日期:2013-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Neural plasticity in the visual cortex, as tested by changes in its functional organization induced by monocular deprivation (MD), is present only during a restricted period of postnatal development (critical period). To investigate whether this process of synapse strengthening depends upon NGF, we antagonized endogen...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199410270-00013
更新日期:1994-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal activity may lead to long lasting changes in cell phenotype through induction of genes such as c-fos which encode transcriptional regulatory factors. Odor-activated olfactory bulb cells exhibit increases in c-fos mRNA expression. The present study examined whether odor stimulation of awake rats also leads to ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199511000-00012
更新日期:1995-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Sex differences in event-related potentials were examined in 23 women and 24 men during a mental rotation task. We found an early (130-400 ms) and a late (400-700 ms) ERP mental rotation effect. The late rotation effect, which is thought to indicate the onset of the cognitive process of mental rotation, emerged about ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f519b3
更新日期:2008-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) acts through inhibition of complex I of the electron transport chain. Recent evidence suggests that it may also act through inhibition of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KDHC). We confirmed this observation in isolated rat liver mitochondria ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199808240-00018
更新日期:1998-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the expression for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells and its modulation by Ca2+ regulating agents. There were no significant differences in the levels of FGF-2 mRNA in cells cultured in high vs low K+. The expression of the trophic factor is induced by Ca2+ en...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200011090-00043
更新日期:2000-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::It is not clear whether attention is necessary or not for consciousness. We studied the relationship between attention and consciousness by tracking their electrophysiological correlates. The participants attended to visual targets, ignored nontargets in the prespecified visual field and ignored all stimuli in the opp...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3280c143c8
更新日期:2007-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the cortical areas showing increased activation related to axis orientation discrimination in hand movement and perception by positron emission tomography (PET) in right-handed normal human subjects while they performed a hand orientation (HO) task and an orientation discrimination (OD) task. In the OD tas...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199801260-00020
更新日期:1998-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a serpin that regulates the activities of plasminogen activators. However, its physiological roles in the CNS are incompletely understood. We have found that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 has a novel biological function in the CNS: the contribution to survival of neurites on ne...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200404090-00024
更新日期:2004-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a powerful tool to study basic perceptual functions in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) (e.g. selective attention). The present study aimed at finding support for the SSVEP's sensitivity to higher cognitive functions (e.g. memory). We tagged pictures of meaningle...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283516542
更新日期:2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Successful practice of clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) calls for basic research on the mechanisms and explorations of new indications in animals. In the article, a new implantable, single-channel, low-power miniature device is proposed, which may transmit pulses chronically into the brain nucleus of freely movin...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000727
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamatergic excitotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) is neuroprotective in several paradigms. We therefore tested the effect of selective mGluR agonists on cultured chick embryonic motor neurons. Ac...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199806220-00024
更新日期:1998-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::We reported differential expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and the (TRPM8) in the geniculate ganglions (GGs) of naive rats. In medical practice, the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) is injured in some patients during middle-ear surgery, an...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000000436
更新日期:2015-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Various clinical populations display atypical volume asymmetry of language structures and also the auditory M100 source. Although such atypical volume asymmetries have also been observed in autism, M100 source asymmetries have not yet been investigated. We examined M100 asymmetry in autism and its relationship with la...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832e0ca7
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Calpain activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase-2A inhibitor, has been used in Alzheimer's disease research models to increase tau phosphorylation and induce neuronal death. We previously reported that okadaic acid induced predominant activation of...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000214398.04093.7f
更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse used for its stimulant effects. Its neurotoxicity is very variable, and is increased by a number of factors, including crowded conditions and increased ambient temperature. The effects of such factors are increasingly important, with the widespread use of these stimulants at n...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200110290-00026
更新日期:2001-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder prevalent in the canine population. It may represent a unique, naturally occurring disease model for human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of similar clinical signs and association with superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) mutations. M...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001151
更新日期:2019-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical processes underlying perception of musical consonance were investigated by long-latency auditory evoked potentials (EPs). Subjects listened to a random sequence of dyadic pure tones paired at various pitch intervals (1, 4, 6, 7, or 9 semitones). Amplitudes of P2 and N2 components of auditory EPs were signific...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200312190-00003
更新日期:2003-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the neural activation associated with the expectancy of emotional stimuli using whole brain fMRI. Fifteen healthy subjects underwent fMRI scanning during which they performed a warned reaction task using emotional pictures carrying pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral content. The task involved an expected or u...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200301200-00010
更新日期:2003-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The expression pattern of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1alpha (mGluR1alpha) was immunohistochemically investigated in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons of the macaque monkey. In normal monkeys, mGluR1alpha immunoreactivity was weakly observed in the dorsal tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc-d) wher...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000074344.81633.e4
更新日期:2003-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes induce blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in brain endothelial cells (EC)*O(2)*, generated in blood and EC, opens the BBB. Hence, high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a prerequisite for normal BBB function. Therefore, the influence of rat astrocytes on the expression of manganese (Mn)SOD in rat ...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-200108080-00045
更新日期:2001-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::The functions of the fields of the mammalian auditory cortex in sound perception and recognition are unknown. We used Fos (a protein of the inducible immediate-early gene c-fos) as a cellular marker of activated brain areas to show in the mouse (Mus domesticus) that sound is processed differentially in auditory cortic...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199908020-00022
更新日期:1999-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::In the current study we explored the relationship between neurometabolites measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and cognitive ability assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Forty-five participants were recruited from the local college community, and examined utilizing neuropsycholo...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001756-199911080-00014
更新日期:1999-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely accepted that prostaglandin (PG) E2 is the principal pro-inflammatory prostanoid and plays an important role in inflammatory pain. However whether PGE2 is involved in neuropathic pain remains unknown. PGE2 is produced from arachidonic acid via PGH2 by at least three PGE synthases (PGES), cytosolic PGES (c...
journal_title:Neuroreport
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000129372.89000.31
更新日期:2004-06-28 00:00:00