The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus.

abstract：:Protein function is often regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and recent advances in mass spectrometry have resulted in an exponential increase in PTM identification. However, the functional significance of the vast majority of these modifications remains unknown. To address this problem, we compiled ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Beltrao P,Albanèse V,Kenner LR,Swaney DL,Burlingame A,Villén J,Lim WA,Fraser JS,Frydman J,Krogan NJ

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mre11/Rad50 complex has been implicated in the early steps of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination in several organisms. However, the enzymatic properties of this complex are incompatible with the generation of 3' single-stranded DNA for recombinase loading and strand exchange. In ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Hopkins BB,Paull TT

更新日期：2008-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Clathrin-mediated endocytosis plays a major role in retrieving synaptic vesicles from the plasma membrane following exocytosis. This endocytic process requires AP180 (or a homolog), which promotes the assembly and restricts the size of clathrin-coated vesicles. The highly conserved 33 kDa amino-terminal domain of AP18...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Mao Y,Chen J,Maynard JA,Zhang B,Quiocho FA

更新日期：2001-02-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The molybdenum-containing enzyme sulfite oxidase catalyzes the conversion of sulfite to sulfate, the terminal step in the oxidative degradation of cysteine and methionine. Deficiency of this enzyme in humans usually leads to major neurological abnormalities and early death. The crystal structure of chicken liver sulfi...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Kisker C,Schindelin H,Pacheco A,Wehbi WA,Garrett RM,Rajagopalan KV,Enemark JH,Rees DC

更新日期：1997-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional activities of steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones. A growing number of related proteins have been identified that possess the structural features of hormone receptors, but that lack known l...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Forman BM,Goode E,Chen J,Oro AE,Bradley DJ,Perlmann T,Noonan DJ,Burka LT,McMorris T,Lamph WW,Evans RM,Weinberger C

更新日期：1995-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are an important energy substrate used by cardiac myocytes and other cells, but the mechanism whereby these molecules cross the plasma membrane is poorly understood. We used an expression cloning strategy and a cDNA library from 3T3-L1 adipocytes to identify a cDNA that, when expressed i...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Schaffer JE,Lodish HF

更新日期：1994-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:To defend cells against viruses, the MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling) adaptor protein initiates an antiviral signaling cascade from mitochondrial membranes. In this issue, Dixit et al. (2010) show that MAVS also localizes to the membranes of peroxisomes, where it rapidly induces expression of a subset of antiv...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Sharma S,Fitzgerald KA

更新日期：2010-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In a screen for genes that interact with the Rap1 GTPase, we have identified a Drosophila gene, dacapo (dap), which is a member of the p21/p27 family of cdk inhibitors. Unlike mammalian cdk inhibitors studied to date, dap is essential for normal embryonic development. Dacapo inhibits cyclin-cdk activity in vitro. Over...

journal_title：Cell

authors： de Nooij JC,Letendre MA,Hariharan IK

更新日期：1996-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:How transcription is silenced in early embryos has long been a mystery. In this issue, Guven-Ozkan et al. (2008) report that transcriptional repression during worm embryogenesis is mediated through sequestration of the general transcription factor TAF-4 and is regulated by mechanisms that orchestrate the transition be...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Blackwell TK,Walker AK

更新日期：2008-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for telomeres to remain functional and stable, they must rendezvous with the enzyme telomerase in a productive manner. In human cells, this interaction is mediated by Cajal bodies as matchmaker, and now Zhong et al. reveal molecular determinants that establish good chemistry between the two partners. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Noël JF,Wellinger RJ

更新日期：2012-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated human mitochondria containing a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coded chloramphenicol resistance marker were injected into cells from two different human sensitive cell lines, 143BTK- and HT1080-6TG, which had been partially depleted of their mtDNA by ethidium bromide treatment. On the basis of the available eviden...

journal_title：Cell

authors： King MP,Attardi G

更新日期：1988-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha IIb beta 3 integrin binds Arg-Gly-Asp-containing (RGD-containing) ligands in a cation-dependent interaction. A fourteen amino acid sequence, beta 3 (118-131), and an antibody to it, inhibited ligand binding functions of alpha IIb beta 3, and a 1:1 stoichiometric beta 3 (118-131)-RGD complex was detected by m...

journal_title：Cell

authors： D'Souza SE,Haas TA,Piotrowicz RS,Byers-Ward V,McGrath DE,Soule HR,Cierniewski C,Plow EF,Smith JW

更新日期：1994-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs interact with Argonaute proteins to guide posttranscriptional gene silencing. Eiring et al. (2010) now show that miR-328 has a second function, acting as a decoy by binding to hnRNP E2 and lifting its translational repression of an mRNA involved in myeloid cell differentiation. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Beitzinger M,Meister G

更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus is connected to the cytoskeleton, and these connections are involved in multiple functions such as nuclear positioning, shape and stiffness, cytoskeleton organization, mechanotransduction, gene expression, chromosome positioning, DNA repair, and cell migration. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Janota CS,Calero-Cuenca FJ,Costa J,Gomes ER

更新日期：2017-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, plays an essential role in RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling during normal development. It has been perplexing as to why both enzymatically activating and inactivating mutations in PTPN11 result in human developmental diso...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Zhu G,Xie J,Kong W,Xie J,Li Y,Du L,Zheng Q,Sun L,Guan M,Li H,Zhu T,He H,Liu Z,Xia X,Kan C,Tao Y,Shen HC,Li D,Wang S,Yu Y,Yu ZH,Zhang ZY,Liu C,Zhu J

更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between activation of resting chick embryo fibroblasts by proteases and proteolytic alteration of the cell surface has been investigated. Five different proteases were examined: trypsin, collagenase, plasmin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and thrombin. All of these proteases, when added to the culture medium at...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Blumberg PM,Robbins PW

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells retinoic acid (RA) strongly induces transcription from the RA receptor beta 2 (RAR beta 2) promoter through an RA response element (RARE) located in close proximity to the TATA box. Here we demonstrate that recombinant human TATA box-binding protein, hTFIID, and RAR functionally coope...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Berkenstam A,Vivanco Ruiz MM,Barettino D,Horikoshi M,Stunnenberg HG

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The maternally transcribed product of the Drosophila easter gene is essential for the establishment of a normal dorsal-ventral pattern in embryos. Loss-of-function mutations in easter result in a dorsalization of the embryonic pattern, while dominant gain-of-function mutations ventralize the embryonic pattern. P eleme...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Chasan R,Anderson KV

更新日期：1989-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy (literally self-eating) has diverse cytoprotective functions but also is linked to programmed cell death (PCD). In this issue, Qu et al. (2007) analyze the role of autophagy in PCD during development. Unexpectedly they find that autophagy induces apoptotic cells to present a signal to ensure their clearance,...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Yoshimori T

更新日期：2007-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Metagenomics seeks to characterize the composition of microbial communities, their operations, and their dynamically coevolving relationships with the habitats they occupy without having to culture community members. Uniting metagenomics with analyses of the products of microbial community metabolism (metabolomics) wi...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Turnbaugh PJ,Gordon JI

更新日期：2008-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Epigenetics has recently evolved from a collection of diverse phenomena to a defined and far-reaching field of study. In this Essay, we examine the epistemology of epigenetics, provide a brief overview of underlying molecular mechanisms, and suggest future challenges for the field. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Goldberg AD,Allis CD,Bernstein E

更新日期：2007-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a mechanism for the priming of influenza viral RNA transcription by capped RNAs in which specific 5'-terminal fragments are cleaved from the capped RNAs by a virion-associated endonuclease. These fragments would serve as the actual primers for the initiation of transcription by the initial incorporation by ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Plotch SJ,Bouloy M,Ulmanen I,Krug RM

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs have been implicated as regulators of embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency. In this issue, Xu et al. (2009) demonstrate that miR-145 facilitates ES cell differentiation by repressing the core pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4, thereby silencing the self-renewal program. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Chivukula RR,Mendell JT

更新日期：2009-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastric acid secretion is mediated by the H/K-ATPase of parietal cells. Activation of acid secretion involves insertion of H/K-ATPase into the parietal cell plasmalemma, while its cessation is associated with reinternalization of the H/K-ATPase into an intracellular storage compartment. The cytoplasmic tail of the H/K...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Courtois-Coutry N,Roush D,Rajendran V,McCarthy JB,Geibel J,Kashgarian M,Caplan MJ

更新日期：1997-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhancers provide critical information directing cell-type-specific transcriptional programs, regulated by binding of signal-dependent transcription factors and their associated cofactors. Here, we report that the most strongly activated estrogen (E2)-responsive enhancers are characterized by trans-recruitment and in ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Liu Z,Merkurjev D,Yang F,Li W,Oh S,Friedman MJ,Song X,Zhang F,Ma Q,Ohgi KA,Krones A,Rosenfeld MG

更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:How difficult is to go from egg to implanted embryo? The evolution of placentation in eutherian mammals created enormous challenges, in particular to the maternal immune system, as the fetus expresses paternal antigens that are capable of triggering immune rejection. Samstein et al. reveal a role for inducible regulat...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Gobert M,Lafaille JJ

更新日期：2012-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In a recent paper in Nature, show that the immunoreceptor PD-1 is upregulated by "exhausted" T cells during the chronic phase of viral infection in mice. Remarkably, blocking the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1, reactivates these T cells and reduces viral load. ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Okazaki T,Honjo T

更新日期：2006-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The 90S pre-ribosome is an early biogenesis intermediate formed during co-transcriptional ribosome formation, composed of ∼70 assembly factors and several small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that associate with nascent pre-rRNA. We report the cryo-EM structure of the Chaetomium thermophilum 90S pre-ribosome, revealing how ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Kornprobst M,Turk M,Kellner N,Cheng J,Flemming D,Koš-Braun I,Koš M,Thoms M,Berninghausen O,Beckmann R,Hurt E

更新日期：2016-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The enteric bacteria Salmonella typhimurium has the ability to invade (enter) nonphagocytic cells. The internalization process occurs as a result of an intimate interaction between the bacteria and the host cell, in which S. typhimurium triggers a cascade of host cell-signaling events leading to the formation of host ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Ginocchio CC,Olmsted SB,Wells CL,Galán JE

更新日期：1994-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Cell, Lee et al. (2006) report that the parasite Trypanosoma brucei synthesizes fatty acids in an unconventional way. T. brucei and two other trypanosomes use enzymes called elongases to synthesize myristate, a fourteen carbon (C14) fatty acid essential for pathogenesis. This is an unexpected finding ...

journal_title：Cell

authors： Cronan JE

更新日期：2006-08-25 00:00:00