Abstract:
:Within the last few years, the expression of voltage-dependent, TTX-sensitive Na+ channels has been demonstrated in several types of neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and Schwann cells. Recently, we reported the occurrence of such Na+ currents in retinal Müller (glial) cells from dog and cat. This paper deals with the description of the properties of Na+ currents in Müller cells isolated from retinae of several mammalian species, as well as from human retinae. These Na+ currents were eliminated by TTX (1 microM), and by exposure to sodium-free extracellular solution; typically, they were demonstrable only after blocking most of the K+ conductance by Ba2+ (1 mM). Voltage-dependent activation and inactivation characteristics and time constants of the Na+ currents were similar to those of currents carried by neuronal Na+ channels. The estimated number of sodium channels per cell was low (about 1,500 channels per 7,500 microns 2), and the K+ conductance exceeded the peak Na+ conductance by an average factor of 5. Thus, the cells were incapable of generating action-potential-like responses under current clamp. Modelling estimations show that triggering of glial Na+ currents under physiological conditions, if any, can at best occur by emhaptic transmission at perinodal sites of optic axons. It is speculated that glial Na+ channels might be involved in neuroglial signalling events.
journal_name
Gliajournal_title
Gliaauthors
Chao TI,Skachkov SN,Eberhardt W,Reichenbach Adoi
10.1002/glia.440100304subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-03-01 00:00:00pages
173-85issue
3eissn
0894-1491issn
1098-1136journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GLIA文献大全abstract::Resident microglia of the rat CNS express a unique type of keratan sulfate immunoreactivity (KS-IR) that is lacking on peripheral monocytes/macrophages and associated with a so far unknown proteoglycan core protein. Microglial KS-IR is downregulated during T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation but largely preserved ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200006)30:4<401::aid-glia9
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglial cells have a double life as the immune cells of the brain in times of stress but have also specific physiological functions in homeostatic conditions. In pathological contexts, microglia undergo a phenotypic switch called "reaction" that promotes the initiation and the propagation of neuro-inflammation. Rea...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23295
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. In addition, oxidative stress can activate this pathway, but the causative pro-oxidant forms are not well identified. We exposed cultures of rat glia to H2O2, FeSO4, nitroprussiate, or paraquat. We assessed oxidative stress by measuring rea...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20542
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of adenylate cyclase in astroglial cells in culture results in a rapid change in cell shape that appears to occur by the active movement of cytoplasm from peripheral cell regions to the perinuclear space with processes being formed along regions that remain extended. Three series of experiments were designe...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440050308
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20448
更新日期:2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In non-excitable cells, stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase are methods commonly used to deplete calcium stores, resulting in a capacitative Ca2+ influx (i.e., Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ influx). Since this Ca2+ influx in glial cells has not been ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199711)21:3<315::aid-glia6
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cell-mediated potassium and glutamate homeostases play important roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Diminished potassium and glutamate buffering capabilities of astrocytes result in hyperexcitability of neurons and abnormal synaptic transmission. The role of the different K+ channels in maintainin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20455
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the peripheral anti-inflammatory effect of norepinephrine (NE) is well documented, the mechanism by which this neurotransmitter functions as an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective agent in the central nervous system (CNS) is unclear. This article aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective effects ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22801
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the function of astrocytes in the adult brain, we have targeted the expression of E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) to the astrocytes of transgenic mice under the control of the GFAP promoter. The astrocytes expressing NTR were selectively ablated after administration of the prodrug CB1954, resulting in motor disc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1061
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarker...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23594
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stellate ganglion neurons, important mediators of cardiopulmonary neurotransmission, are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which are essential for the function, maintenance, and development of neurons. However, it remains unknown whether SGCs in adult sympathetic ganglia exhibit any functional diversity, and...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23965
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20702
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated levels of Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin-6 family cytokine, have been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and glioblastoma (GBM); however, its effects within the CNS are not well understood. OSM regulates gene expression primarily by activating the JAK/STAT,...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20989
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apart from dedicated oligodendroglial progenitor cells, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can also give rise to new oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system (CNS). This process mainly confers myelinating glial cell replacement in pathological situations and can hence contribute to glial heterogeneity. Our pr...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23724
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors that arise from the Schwann cells (SCs) lining the vestibular nerve. VS cells survive and proliferate far from neurons and axonally derived growth factors. We have previously shown that VSs produce the glial growth factor, neuregulin-1 (NRG1), and its receptors, ErbB2 and...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20316
更新日期:2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse sciatic nerves from the degeneration-resistant strain C57BL/6/Wld (Ola) were surgically injected with lysolecithin to induce focal demyelination. Three days later they were transected adjacent to the spinal cord to eliminate contact of the axons with their cell bodies. The Na+ channel distribution was assessed b...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440150211
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia respond rapidly to injury, increasing their synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, many of which contribute to the maintenance of persistent pain following CNS or PNS injury. We have recently shown that the lysosomal cysteine protease Cathepsin S (CatS) expressed by spinal microglia is vital for th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21042
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) envelop axonal terminals and are physiologically distinct from the nearby myelinating Schwann cells (MSCs), which surround the same innervating motor axons. PSCs have special functions at the neuromuscular synapse, where they detect and can modulate neurotransmitter release. Although ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199908)27:2<101::aid-glia1
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::NG2 cells (polydendrocytes) are the fourth major non-neuronal cell type in the central nervous system parenchyma. They exhibit diverse properties, ranging from their well-established role as oligodendrocyte precursors to their ability to respond to neurotransmitters released by synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. Th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22664
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rehabilitative therapies after stroke are designed to improve remodeling of neuronal circuits and to promote functional recovery. Only very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. In particular, the effects of rehabilitative training on glial cells, which play an important role in the pathophysiology...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20632
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease often caused by mutation in a gene called NPC1, which results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the endosomal-lysosomal system. Most studies on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in NPC have focused on neur...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20563
更新日期:2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::All extant vertebrates have a blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized layer of cells that controls molecular traffic between blood and brain, and contributes to the regulation (homeostasis) of the brain microenvironment. Such homeostasis is critical for the stable function of synapses and neural networks. The barrier...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20642
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination involve dramatic changes in cell signaling pathways, gene expression patterns, cell shape, and cytoskeletal organization. In a pilot study investigating CNS angiogenesis, oligodendrocytes were intensely labeled by antisera directed against the C-terminal of Tie-2, a 140-...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20175
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increasing evidence for a prominent role played by the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the functional metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons, a clear picture of their spatial organization is still lacking. To examine the three-dimensional structure of the astrocyte endfeet and their relati...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal neuronal activity in sensory ganglia contributes to chronic pain. There is evidence that signals can spread between cells in these ganglia, which may contribute to this activity. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia undergo activation following peripheral injury and participate in cellular communic...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23603
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP stimulates arachidonic acid mobilization and eicosanoid production in cultured astrocytes via P2Y-purinergic receptors. To assist in determining the mechanism of phospholipase A2 activation and the role of calcium in eicosanoid production, cultures were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTx). ATP-evoked eicosanoid ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070305
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20466
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocyte proliferation is tightly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In the present study, we find that a high-molecular-weight (MW) form of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is found in rat spinal cord tissue and becomes degraded soon after traumatic spinal cord injury. Newly synthesi...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20215
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are classically considered to be immune cells in the brain, but have now been proven to be involved in neuronal activity as well. Here we stereologically analyzed the spatial arrangement of microglia in the mouse hippocampus. First, we estimated the numerical densities (NDs) of microglia identified by ionize...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20552
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00