Cathepsin S release from primary cultured microglia is regulated by the P2X7 receptor.

abstract：:Chronic glial activation in neurodegenerative diseases contributes to neuronal dysfunction and neuron loss through production of neuroinflammatory molecules. However, the molecular mechanisms, particularly the signal transduction pathways involved in glia-dependent neuron death, are poorly understood. As a first step ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Xie Z,Smith CJ,Van Eldik LJ

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carmen J,Gowing G,Julien JP,Kerr D

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike microglia and NG2 glia, astrocytes are incapable of migrating to sites of injury in the posttraumatic cerebral cortex, instead relying on proliferation to replenish their numbers and distribution in the affected region. However, neither the spectrum of their proliferative repertoire nor their postinjury distrib...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lange Canhos L,Chen M,Falk S,Popper B,Straub T,Götz M,Sirko S

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence has revealed that astrocytes are potential targets for various neurotransmitters. Here we investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on signal transduction in purified primary cultures of rat type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, a metabolite of PGD2 and ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ito S,Sugama K,Inagaki N,Fukui H,Giles H,Wada H,Hayaishi O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular levels of the brain's endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boison D

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore pathways to neuron loss in inflammatory diseases, transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in either astrocytes or photoreceptor cells, or both, were inoculated with activated, beta-gal-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs). beta-gal-positive astrocytes in brain were rapidly attacked, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McPherson SW,Heuss ND,Roehrich H,Gregerson DS

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for tumorigenesis. The transcription factor Sox2 is overexpressed in brain gliomas, and is essential to maintain CSC. In mouse high-grade glioma pHGG cells in culture, Sox2 deletion causes cell proliferation arrest and inability to reform tumors after transplantation in vivo; in S...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barone C,Buccarelli M,Alessandrini F,Pagin M,Rigoldi L,Sambruni I,Favaro R,Ottolenghi S,Pallini R,Ricci-Vitiani L,Malatesta P,Nicolis SK

更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte-rich cultures were investigated by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL-M) and activated MAP kinases (ERK1/...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Correa F,Ljunggren E,Mallard C,Nilsson M,Weber SG,Sandberg M

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pedraza CE,Monk R,Lei J,Hao Q,Macklin WB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bmi1 is a polycomb group (Pc-G) protein involved in heritable gene repression, maintenance of cell identity, and proliferation. During the development of the central nervous system, Bmi1 is crucial for self-renewal of neural stem cells and for proliferation of neuronal (granule cell) progenitors of the cerebellum. Her...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang X,Santuccione A,Leung C,Marino S

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The consequences of sublytic terminal complement complex (TCC) assembly on Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using purified complement proteins (C5*-9) or antibody-sensitized Schwann cells in the presence of a serum that was depleted of the seventh component of complement (C7dHS) and reconstitu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dashiell SM,Rus H,Koski CL

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nervous system of echinoderms has long been considered too unique to be directly comparable to the nervous system of other Deuterostomia. Using two novel monoclonal antibodies in combination with epifluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate here that the central nervous system of the sea cucu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mashanov VS,Zueva OR,Garcia-Arraras JE

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocyte proliferation is tightly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In the present study, we find that a high-molecular-weight (MW) form of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is found in rat spinal cord tissue and becomes degraded soon after traumatic spinal cord injury. Newly synthesi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Struve J,Maher PC,Li YQ,Kinney S,Fehlings MG,Kuntz C 4th,Sherman LS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the migratory capacity of Schwann cells from the distal stump of a 1-week transected sciatic nerve of adult rat for a distance of 10 mm. The distal stump was introduced into the open end of a silicone chamber packed with artificial fibrin sponge (Gelaspon) soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (control ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dubový P,Svízenská I

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new cells go through a series of stages associated with proliferative activity. The most highly proliferative cell type is an intermediate precursor cell, called type-2 cell. We here report that on the level of type-2 cells a transition takes place between features asso...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Steiner B,Klempin F,Wang L,Kott M,Kettenmann H,Kempermann G

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that chemokines, specialized regulators of the peripheral immune system, are also involved in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. It is known that glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) express various chemokine receptors like CCR1, -3, -5, and CXCR4. We have investigated the possible...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zuurman MW,Heeroma J,Brouwer N,Boddeke HW,Biber K

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests that soluble amyloid β (Aβ) is an initiator of a cascade of events eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Recently, we reported that Aβ deranged Ca(2+) homeostasis specifically in hippocampal astrocytes by targeting key elements of Ca(2+) signaling, such as...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lim D,Iyer A,Ronco V,Grolla AA,Canonico PL,Aronica E,Genazzani AA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus Type I (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that is capable of infecting not only neurons, but also microglia and astrocytes and can establish latent infection in the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated whether IFN lambda (IFN-λ), a newly identified member of IFN family, has the ability to inh...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li J,Hu S,Zhou L,Ye L,Wang X,Ho J,Ho W

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of astroglia was investigated after unilateral destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the primary visual cortex of adult albino rats. The destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was performed by stereotaxic injections of ibotenic acid, and the location was verified in Nissl s...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hajós F,Kálmán M,Zilles K,Schleicher A,Sótonyi P

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have suggested that Nkx6.2/Gtx and Nkx2.2 homeodomain transcription factors are involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and/or myelination which occur predominantly in postnatal stages. However, their cellular specificity in postnatal central nervous system has not been characterized an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cai J,Zhu Q,Zheng K,Li H,Qi Y,Cao Q,Qiu M

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are intrinsic immune cells in the brain. In response to neurodegenerative events, excessively activated microglia change their shapes and release various cytokines leading to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Because the intracellular mechanisms of this process are still unclear, we h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Konno M,Shirakawa H,Iida S,Sakimoto S,Matsutani I,Miyake T,Kageyama K,Nakagawa T,Shibasaki K,Kaneko S

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes, together with microglia and macrophages, participate in innate inflammatory responses in the CNS. Although inflammatory mediators such as interferons generated by astrocytes may be critical in the defense of the CNS, sustained unopposed cytokine signaling could result in harmful consequences. Interferon re...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tarassishin L,Loudig O,Bauman A,Shafit-Zagardo B,Suh HS,Lee SC

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Vitellaro-Zuccarello L,Mazzetti S,Bosisio P,Monti C,De Biasi S

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minocycline, a derivative of the antibiotic tetracycline, displays neuroprotective properties in various models of neurodegenerative diseases and is now used in clinical trials, because of its relative safety and tolerability. Minocycline passes the blood-brain barrier and is presumed to inhibit microglial activation....

journal_title：Glia

authors： Familian A,Boshuizen RS,Eikelenboom P,Veerhuis R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes releasing glucose- and/or glycogen-derived lactate and glutamine play a crucial role in shaping neuronal function and plasticity. Little is known, however, how metabolic functions of astrocytes, e.g., their ability to degrade glucosyl units, are affected by the presence of neurons. To address this issue we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mamczur P,Borsuk B,Paszko J,Sas Z,Mozrzymas J,Wiśniewski JR,Gizak A,Rakus D

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) acts as a potent mitogen for several tumor types and has been reported to positively influence astrocytoma cell growth and motility. In the central nervous system, IGFII bioavailability is mainly modulated by insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), which sequestrate...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rorive S,Berton A,D'haene N,Takacs CN,Debeir O,Decaestecker C,Salmon I

更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study describes a method to inhibit selectively the microglial cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury. Continuous infusion of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) from an osmotic minipump to the fourth ventricle or cisterna magna completely blocks the proliferation of microglial cells that normally o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Svensson M,Aldskogius H

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate from restricted regions of the brain and migrate into the developing white matter, where they differentiate into oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular mechanisms that orchestrate these long distance trips of OPCs to popu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Xiao L,Hu C,Yang W,Guo D,Li C,Shen W,Liu X,Aijun H,Dan W,He C

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a Ca2+ binding peptide expressed predominantly by activated monocytes. In order to investigate the role of AIF-1 in autoimmune lesions of the rat nervous system, we have used a synthetic gene to express AIF-1 in E. coli and have produced monoclonal antibodies against AIF-1. A...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schluesener HJ,Seid K,Kretzschmar J,Meyermann R

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00