Allograft-inflammatory factor-1 in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and uveitis: expression by activated macrophages and microglial cells.

abstract：:Serum is used widely for culturing neurons and glial cells, and is thought to provide essential, albeit undefined, factors such as hormones, growth factors, and trace elements that promote the growth of cells in vitro. Moreover, serum can have profound effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell morpholog...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ye ZC,Sontheimer H

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes play a key role regulating aspects of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Several enzymes, such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with different inflammatory mediators such as the free radical nitric oxide (NO) or proinflammatory cytokines, ha...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ortega-Gutiérrez S,Molina-Holgado E,Guaza C

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene regulation in cells of the CNS have been studied in vitro. Astrocytes in primary cultures, but neither oligodendrocytes nor neurons, constitutively expressed cell surface MHC class I molecules. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment led to induction of ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Massa PT,Ozato K,McFarlin DE

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of microglia has been reported for a variety of CNS diseases and is believed to be involved in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Loss of TGFβ1 results in ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Spittau B,Wullkopf L,Zhou X,Rilka J,Pfeifer D,Krieglstein K

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity has been used to study the astroglial response in the rat spinal cord to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS). The astroglial response in PCS rats is heterogeneous. In general, astrocytes show a loss of GFAP immunoreactivity, as well as shrinking and pyknosis in thei...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bodega G,Suárez I,Arilla E,Rubio M,Fernández B

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection of nucleic acids by the innate immune system is an essential host response during viral infection. In recent years, a number of immune sensors capable of recognizing cytosolic DNA have been identified and include the PYHIN family members AIM2, IFI16, and p204 as well as the enzyme, cGAS. Activation of th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cox DJ,Field RH,Williams DG,Baran M,Bowie AG,Cunningham C,Dunne A

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuronal doctrine, developed a century ago regards neuronal networks as the sole substrate of higher brain function. Recent advances in glial physiology have promoted an alternative hypothesis, which places information processing in the brain into integrated neuronal-glial networks utilizing both binary (neuronal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nedergaard M,Verkhratsky A

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Ascl1 plays crucial roles in both oligodendrocyte development and neuronal development; however, the molecular target of Ascl1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) remains elusive. To identify the downstream targets of Ascl1 in OPCs, we performed gene expres...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ueno T,Ito J,Hoshikawa S,Ohori Y,Fujiwara S,Yamamoto S,Ohtsuka T,Kageyama R,Akai M,Nakamura K,Ogata T

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type of the central nervous system and cover a broad range of functionalities. We report here the generation of a novel monoclonal antibody, anti-astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (Anti-ACSA-2). Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry revealed that Anti-ACSA-2 ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kantzer CG,Boutin C,Herzig ID,Wittwer C,Reiß S,Tiveron MC,Drewes J,Rockel TD,Ohlig S,Ninkovic J,Cremer H,Pennartz S,Jungblut M,Bosio A

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, the elimination of excess synapses is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for correct wiring of the central nervous system. The establishment of the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF)-to-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse provides a suitable model to study pruning and pruning-relevant processes during early postnatal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kaiser N,Pätz C,Brachtendorf S,Eilers J,Bechmann I

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radial glia are neural stem cells that exist only transiently during central nervous system (CNS) development, where they serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration. Their instability makes them difficult to study, and therefore we have isolated stabilized radial glial clones from E14.5 cortical progenitors (e.g., L2.3...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li H,Chang YW,Mohan K,Su HW,Ricupero CL,Baridi A,Hart RP,Grumet M

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The consequences of sublytic terminal complement complex (TCC) assembly on Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using purified complement proteins (C5*-9) or antibody-sensitized Schwann cells in the presence of a serum that was depleted of the seventh component of complement (C7dHS) and reconstitu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Dashiell SM,Rus H,Koski CL

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury to the adult brain results in the formation of a glial scar that involves both activated astroglia and microglia/macrophages. Although reactive gliosis has been linked to failure of axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS, the spatio-temporal pattern of the postlesion responses in morphology and distribu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stichel CC,Müller HW

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have suggested that Nkx6.2/Gtx and Nkx2.2 homeodomain transcription factors are involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte maturation and/or myelination which occur predominantly in postnatal stages. However, their cellular specificity in postnatal central nervous system has not been characterized an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cai J,Zhu Q,Zheng K,Li H,Qi Y,Cao Q,Qiu M

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation has been linked to the induction of apneas and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, whereas proinflammatory mediators inhibit breathing when applied peripherally or directly into the CNS. Considering that peripheral inflammation can activate microglia in the CNS and that this cell type can directly release all p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lorea-Hernández JJ,Morales T,Rivera-Angulo AJ,Alcantara-Gonzalez D,Peña-Ortega F

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability and transport. Astrocytes and endothelial cells respond to a variety of stimuli with an increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) that is propagated to adjacent cells a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Leybaert L,Paemeleire K,Strahonja A,Sanderson MJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the brain, glycogen metabolism has been implied in synaptic plasticity and learning, yet the distribution of this molecule has not been fully described. We investigated cerebral glycogen of the mouse by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using two monoclonal antibodies that have different affinities depending on the glycog...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Oe Y,Baba O,Ashida H,Nakamura KC,Hirase H

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phenotype of a fully differentiated, mature Schwann cell is apparently largely determined by Schwann cell-axon interactions. In vitro, elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in Schwann cells induces a phenotype which resembles that of a mature, i.e., axon-related, Schwann cell. Therefore, an important role for cAM...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mews M,Meyer M

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting predominantly motor neurons. Recent studies suggest that the disease progression of ALS is non-cell-autonomous, although the interaction between neurons and glial cells in different disease stages is not entirely clear. Here, we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang R,Yang B,Zhang D

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interactions between migrating glioma cells and myelinated fiber tracts are poorly understood. We identified that C6 glioma cells can migrate along myelinated chicken retinal axons in a novel coculture, thereby expressing small GTPases of the Rho family and serine/threonine Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs). We found...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Oellers P,Schröer U,Senner V,Paulus W,Thanos S

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of axons is a major contributor to nonremitting deficits in the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on biophysical studies showing that activity of axonal sodium channels can trigger axonal degeneration, recent studies have tested sodium channel-blocking drugs in experimental autoimm...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Craner MJ,Damarjian TG,Liu S,Hains BC,Lo AC,Black JA,Newcombe J,Cuzner ML,Waxman SG

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes (OL), cells that myelinate axons in the CNS, differentiate from early to late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) to become mature OL. Unlike the case in the rodent brain, myelin formation starts prenatally in the human brain, but the sequence of OL development and the onset of myelination are not ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jakovcevski I,Zecevic N

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood macrophages and brain macrophages (microglia) have been implicated in demyelination and destruction of the oligodendrocyte in multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease affecting primarily white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we demonstrate that at high effector to target cell ratios, normal ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Merrill JE,Zimmerman RP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a novel method of isolating and culturing murine colonic mucosal glial cells. Two morphologies are appreciated, a small flat bi or tri polar cell and a larger multipolar cell. The glial cultures have been freed of contaminating fibroblasts and epithelial cells and have been passaged by trypsinization...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bernstein CN,Vidrich A

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease are characterized neuropathologically by extracellular deposits of Abeta and PrP amyloid fibrils, respectively. In both disorders, these cerebral amyloid deposits are co-localized with a broad variety of inflammation-related proteins (complement factors, acute-phase protein, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Eikelenboom P,Bate C,Van Gool WA,Hoozemans JJ,Rozemuller JM,Veerhuis R,Williams A

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of genetically caused demyelination, as it occurs in inherited demyelinating neuropathies. On the basis of the observation that upregulation of the Schwann cell-derived chemokine MCP-1 (CCL2) is a pathologically relevant mechanism for macrophage activation in mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer S,Weishaupt A,Troppmair J,Martini R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The failure of the adult injured spinal cord to support axonal regeneration is in part attributed to the glial scar. Reactive astrocytes constitute a major cellular component of the glial scar and are heterogeneous with respect to the extracellular matrix proteins that they secrete. Astrocytes may produce antiregenera...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gris P,Tighe A,Levin D,Sharma R,Brown A

更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade, microRNAs have been increasingly recognized as key modulators of glial development. Recently, we identified miR-125a-3p as a new player in oligodendrocyte physiology, regulating in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here, we show that miR-125a-3p is upregulated in acti...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Marangon D,Boda E,Parolisi R,Negri C,Giorgi C,Montarolo F,Perga S,Bertolotto A,Buffo A,Abbracchio MP,Lecca D

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that regulate the amount of releasable Ca2+ in intracellular stores of cultured mouse astrocytes were investigated using digital imaging of fura-2 loaded cells. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, was about 110 nM. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golovina VA,Bambrick LL,Yarowsky PJ,Krueger BK,Blaustein MP

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, glial cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses, and opioid peptides have been identified as essential mediators between the nervous and the immune systems. We report the profound upregulation of the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) by inflammatory me...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buzas B,Rosenberger J,Kim KW,Cox BM

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00