Interferon lambda inhibits herpes simplex virus type I infection of human astrocytes and neurons.

abstract：:Glial growth factors are proteins encoded by the neuregulin gene and are thought to signal via receptor tyrosine kinases. Many neuregulin gene products bind heparin, and we hypothesize that affinity for heparin may implicate cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HeSPGs) as co-receptors for the soluble neuregulin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sudhalter J,Whitehouse L,Rusche JR,Marchionni MA,Mahanthappa NK

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are poorly understood. However, several studies have implied a role for reactive microglia located in the dorsal horn in neuropathic pain. To clarify the roles of activated microglia in neuropathic pain, we investigated the interactions among microglia and other neural compon...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Maeda M,Tsuda M,Tozaki-Saitoh H,Inoue K,Kiyama H

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes support neurons not only physically but also chemically by secreting neurotrophic factors and energy substrates. Moreover, astrocytes establish a glial network and communicate through gap junctions in the brain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of major component proteins in astrocytic gap junctions. Heterozygote ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakase T,Yoshida Y,Nagata K

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Vitellaro-Zuccarello L,Mazzetti S,Bosisio P,Monti C,De Biasi S

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A role for free radicals has been proposed in infectious brain disease, where resident microglia cells upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS), and thus are capable of producing nitric oxide at enhanced rates. Using the constitutively expressed NADPH oxidase, microglial cells can generate superox...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Possel H,Noack H,Putzke J,Wolf G,Sies H

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In non-excitable cells, stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase are methods commonly used to deplete calcium stores, resulting in a capacitative Ca2+ influx (i.e., Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ influx). Since this Ca2+ influx in glial cells has not been ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu ML,Kao EF,Liu IH,Wang BS,Lin-Shiau SY

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal-glial interactions are important for normal brain function and contribute to the maintenance of the brain's extracellular environment. Damage to glial cells following traumatic brain injury (TBI) could therefore be an important contributing factor to brain dysfunction and neuronal injury. We examined the earl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhao X,Ahram A,Berman RF,Muizelaar JP,Lyeth BG

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea of a metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes in the brain has been entertained for about 100 years. The use recently of simple and well-compartmentalized nervous systems, such as the honeybee retina or purified preparations of neurons and glia, provided strong support for a nutritive function of gli...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tsacopoulos M,Poitry-Yamate CL,Poitry S,Perrottet P,Veuthey AL

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes play an important role in neuroprotective responses. Recent studies indicate that endothelin-1, a neuropeptide upregulated during brain injury, increases levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, a lipid with neuroprotective properties, in astrocytes in primary cultures. However, whether this neuropeptide a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Walter L,Stella N

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The normal adult vertebrate nervous system is a relative quiescent tissue in terms of cell proliferation. However, astrocytes in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS) retain the capacity to undergo cell division. To examine the mechanisms that regulate the proliferation of astrocytes in the CNS we have util...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakatsuji Y,Miller RH

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inefficient lysosomal degradation is central in the development of various brain disorders, but the underlying mechanisms and the involvement of different cell types remains elusive. We have previously shown that astrocytes effectively engulf dead cells, but then store, rather than degrade the ingested material. In th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lööv C,Mitchell CH,Simonsson M,Erlandsson A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterosynaptic long-term depression (hLTD) at untetanized synapses accompanying the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) spatially sharpens the activity-induced synaptic potentiation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that hLTD in the hippocampal CA1 region is caused by stimulation-induc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chen J,Tan Z,Zeng L,Zhang X,He Y,Gao W,Wu X,Li Y,Bu B,Wang W,Duan S

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of axons is a major contributor to nonremitting deficits in the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on biophysical studies showing that activity of axonal sodium channels can trigger axonal degeneration, recent studies have tested sodium channel-blocking drugs in experimental autoimm...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Craner MJ,Damarjian TG,Liu S,Hains BC,Lo AC,Black JA,Newcombe J,Cuzner ML,Waxman SG

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammalian brain peripheral benzodiazepine (PBZD) receptors are predominantly localized on astroglial cells. Previous studies utilizing whole membrane preparations from brain and peripheral organs of various species have indicated several distinctions between the drug-receptor interactions of the two prototypic PBZD...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Itzhak Y,Baker L,Norenberg MD

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of metallothioneins I/II in the mouse brain and their specific area distribution upon physical stress were studied. To induce physical stress, groups of mice were subjected to total darkness for different periods (2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months). The concentration of metallothioneins, evaluated by imm...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Beltramini M,Di Pisa C,Zambenedetti P,Wittkowski W,Mocchegiani E,Musicco M,Zatta P

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared the inward K+ currents of Müller glial cells from healthy and pathologically changed human retinas. To this purpose, the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was performed on noncultured Müller cells acutely isolated from human retinas. Cells originated from retinas of four healthy organ donors and of 24 pat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Francke M,Pannicke T,Biedermann B,Faude F,Wiedemann P,Reichenbach A,Reichelt W

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakahama K,Nagano M,Fujioka A,Shinoda K,Sasaki H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is known to interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that, interestingly, it is a potent inductor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CNS of infected animals and in pure cultures of astrocytes. Maximal IL-6 gene transcription in glial cells, as ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Rubio N,Sierra A

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We characterized morphological effects of the endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate in ex vivo retinal segments prepared from 30-day-old rats. Initial changes induced by glutamate consisted of reversible, sodium-dependent Müller cell swelling. This glial swelling was mimicked by glutamate transport substrates but not by i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Izumi Y,Kirby CO,Benz AM,Olney JW,Zorumski CF

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that switching of the alpha v-associated beta1 and beta5 integrin subunits during differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes may regulate important aspects of cell behaviour such as migration (Milner et al., 1996: J Neurosci 16:7240-7252). In this study we have examined the development...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Milner R,Frost E,Nishimura S,Delcommenne M,Streuli C,Pytela R,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CNS glia exhibit a variety of gap junctional interactions: between neighboring astrocytes, between neighboring oligodendrocytes, between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and as 'reflexive' structures between layers of myelin in oligodendrocytes. Together, these junctions are thought to form a network facilitating abso...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Magnotti LM,Goodenough DA,Paul DL

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pax-3 is a paired domain transcription factor that plays many roles during vertebrate development. In the Schwann cell lineage, Pax-3 is expressed at an early stage in Schwann cells precursors of the embryonic nerve, is maintained in the nonmyelinating cells of the adult nerve, and is upregulated in Schwann cells afte...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Doddrell RD,Dun XP,Moate RM,Jessen KR,Mirsky R,Parkinson DB

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During axonal ensheathment, noncompact myelin channels formed at lateral edges of the myelinating process become arranged into tight paranodal spirals that resemble loops when cut in cross section. These adhere to the axon, concentrating voltage-dependent sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and patterning the surround...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jarjour AA,Velichkova AN,Boyd A,Lord KM,Torsney C,Henderson DJ,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of genetically caused demyelination, as it occurs in inherited demyelinating neuropathies. On the basis of the observation that upregulation of the Schwann cell-derived chemokine MCP-1 (CCL2) is a pathologically relevant mechanism for macrophage activation in mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer S,Weishaupt A,Troppmair J,Martini R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The X-linked mutation rumpshaker (rsh), which is probably an allele of jimpy (jp), causes hypomyelination in the CNS of mice. This study examines the developmental expression of the morphology, glial cells, and immunostaining of myelin proteins in the optic nerve and spinal cord. The optic nerve contains varying numbe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fanarraga ML,Griffiths IR,McCulloch MC,Barrie JA,Kennedy PG,Brophy PJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carmen J,Gowing G,Julien JP,Kerr D

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogenic growth factors play an important role in the initial stages of oligodendrocyte development, but their roles in the process of myelination itself remain less well defined. In order to study directly the effects of different growth factors on myelination, we used a purified in vitro co-culture system with dors...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang Z,Colognato H,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The poor regenerative ability of neurons of the central nervous system in mammals, as compared with their counterpart in fish or amphibians, is thought to stem from differences in their immediate nonneuronal environment and its response to axonal injury. We describe one aspect of the environmental response to axonal i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cohen I,Sivron T,Lavie V,Blaugrund E,Schwartz M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00