Sodium channels contribute to microglia/macrophage activation and function in EAE and MS.

abstract：:Our knowledge of astroglia and their physiological and pathophysiological role(s) in the central nervous system (CNS) has grown during the past decade, revealing a complex picture. It is becoming increasingly clear that glia play a significant role in the homeostasis and function of the CNS and that neurons should no ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Farahani R,Pina-Benabou MH,Kyrozis A,Siddiq A,Barradas PC,Chiu FC,Cavalcante LA,Lai JC,Stanton PK,Rozental R

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular matrix molecules are involved in the cellular functions of proliferation, migration, morphological differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One candidate molecule of the extracellular matrix is the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan. To determine whether neurocan expression is regulated by neuron...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schwarzacher SW,Vuksic M,Haas CA,Burbach GJ,Sloviter RS,Deller T

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the whisker pad of rats yields a stable retrograde labeling of facial motoneurons. After removal of 10 mm from the facial nerve the microglia phagocytose the FG-prelabeled dead neurons and assume the label. A subsequent brightfield immunostaining of the sections with HRP-DAB as end-p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Angelov DN,Neiss WF,Streppel M,Walther M,Guntinas-Lichius O,Stennert E

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a critical relationship between oligodendrocyte development, myelin production, and iron bioavailability. Iron deficiency leads to hypomyelination both in humans and animal models, and the neurological sequelae of hypomyelination are significant. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms of iron import in...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Todorich B,Zhang X,Connor JR

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms that regulate the amount of releasable Ca2+ in intracellular stores of cultured mouse astrocytes were investigated using digital imaging of fura-2 loaded cells. At rest, the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, was about 110 nM. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an inhibi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Golovina VA,Bambrick LL,Yarowsky PJ,Krueger BK,Blaustein MP

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu LJ,Vadakkan KI,Zhuo M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of microglia resulting in exacerbated inflammation expression plays an important role in degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how this enhanced inflammation is induced in microglia remains largely unclear. Here, in the mouse PD model induced by ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： He Q,Wang Q,Yuan C,Wang Y

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that the elaborated calcium signals and the occurrence of calcium waves in astrocytes provide these cells with a specific form of excitability. The identification of the cellular and molecular steps involved in the triggering and transmission of Ca(2+) waves between astrocytes result...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Scemes E,Giaume C

更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The endocannabinoid system exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by regulating cytokine production. Anandamide (AEA) down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines in a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AEA exerts these effects. Microglial cells are the main sourc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Correa F,Hernangómez M,Mestre L,Loría F,Spagnolo A,Docagne F,Di Marzo V,Guaza C

更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal-glial interactions are important for normal brain function and contribute to the maintenance of the brain's extracellular environment. Damage to glial cells following traumatic brain injury (TBI) could therefore be an important contributing factor to brain dysfunction and neuronal injury. We examined the earl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhao X,Ahram A,Berman RF,Muizelaar JP,Lyeth BG

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA receptors are distributed widely throughout the central nervous system on a variety of cell types. It has become increasingly clear that astrocytes, both in cell culture and tissue slices, express abundant GABAA receptors. In astrocytes, GABA activates Cl(-)-specific channels that are modulated by barbiturates an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fraser DD,Mudrick-Donnon LA,MacVicar BA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rehabilitative therapies after stroke are designed to improve remodeling of neuronal circuits and to promote functional recovery. Only very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. In particular, the effects of rehabilitative training on glial cells, which play an important role in the pathophysiology...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Keiner S,Wurm F,Kunze A,Witte OW,Redecker C

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:External application of bradykinin (BK) to mouse neuroblastoma X mouse fibroblast hybrid NL308 cells and mouse neuroblastoma X rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells produced a transient outward (hyperpolarizing) current. In NG108-15 cells, BK also induced an inward (depolarizing) current associated with a decrease in input...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Higashida H,Okano Y,Hoshi N,Yada Y,Yokoyama S,Asaga T,Fu T,Nozawa Y

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-interacting pentaspan membrane glycoprotein specifically associated with plasma membrane protrusions. Prominin-1 is expressed by various stem and progenitor cells, notably neuroepithelial progenitors found in the developing embryonic brain. Here, we further investigated its expressi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Corbeil D,Joester A,Fargeas CA,Jászai J,Garwood J,Hellwig A,Werner HB,Huttner WB

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have analysed in detail the properties of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells derived from the spinal cords of adult rats to gain further insights into the mechanisms that control the generation of oligodendrocytes in the healthy and demyelinated adult central nervous systems (CNS). When O-2A p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Engel U,Wolswijk G

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of the precise timing of myelination is critical to the success of zebrafish-based in vivo screening strategies for potential remyelination therapies. This study provides a systematic review of the timing of myelination in the zebrafish spinal cord and a critique of techniques by which it may be accurately a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buckley CE,Marguerie A,Alderton WK,Franklin RJ

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore pathways to neuron loss in inflammatory diseases, transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in either astrocytes or photoreceptor cells, or both, were inoculated with activated, beta-gal-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs). beta-gal-positive astrocytes in brain were rapidly attacked, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McPherson SW,Heuss ND,Roehrich H,Gregerson DS

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues. Brain injuries, inflammation, and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia, altering their morphology and motility. The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing lo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Umpierre AD,Wu LJ

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes express gap junction proteins and multiple types of P2Y receptors (P2YRs) that contribute to the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+) waves (ICW). To gain access to the role played by gap junctional communication in ICW propagation generated by P2YR activation, we selectively expressed P2Y(1,2,4)R subtypes a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,Flores CE,Urban-Maldonado M,Beelitz M,Scemes E

更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate from restricted regions of the brain and migrate into the developing white matter, where they differentiate into oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular mechanisms that orchestrate these long distance trips of OPCs to popu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Xiao L,Hu C,Yang W,Guo D,Li C,Shen W,Liu X,Aijun H,Dan W,He C

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are poorly understood. However, several studies have implied a role for reactive microglia located in the dorsal horn in neuropathic pain. To clarify the roles of activated microglia in neuropathic pain, we investigated the interactions among microglia and other neural compon...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Maeda M,Tsuda M,Tozaki-Saitoh H,Inoue K,Kiyama H

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoglycemia is a common and serious problem among diabetic patients receiving treatment with insulin or other glucose-lowering drugs. Moderate hypoglycemia impairs neurological function, and severe hypoglycemia leads to death of selectively vulnerable neurons. Recent advances have shed new light on the underlying pro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suh SW,Hamby AM,Swanson RA

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme involved in genomic stability. Excessive oxidative DNA strand breaks lead to PARP-1-induced depletion of cellular NAD(+), glycolytic rate, ATP levels, and eventual cell death. Glutamate neurotransmission is tightly controlled by ATP-dependent astroc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tang KS,Suh SW,Alano CC,Shao Z,Hunt WT,Swanson RA,Anderson CM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum is used widely for culturing neurons and glial cells, and is thought to provide essential, albeit undefined, factors such as hormones, growth factors, and trace elements that promote the growth of cells in vitro. Moreover, serum can have profound effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell morpholog...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ye ZC,Sontheimer H

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under pathological conditions, activated microglia play paradoxical roles and could have neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects. However, the signal determining how activated microglia affects the fate of neuronal cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12), a trans...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kobayashi M,Konishi H,Takai T,Kiyama H

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) and 9 (TLR9) are important mediators of innate immune responses. Both receptors are located in endosomal compartments, recognize nucleic acids, and signal via Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In the current study, we analyzed TLR7 and TLR9 induced activation of astrocytes and mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Butchi NB,Du M,Peterson KE

更新日期：2010-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia have diverse actions, ranging from synapse pruning in development to cytotoxic effects in disease. Brain energy metabolism and substrate availability vary under normal and disease states, but how these variations influence microglial function is relatively unknown. Microglia, like most other cell types, expr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ghosh S,Castillo E,Frias ES,Swanson RA

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The floor plate (FP), a signaling center and a structure rich in radial glia-like cells, has been traditionally thought to be devoid of neurons and neuronal progenitors. However, in the midbrain, the FP contains neurons of the dopaminergic (DA) lineage that require contact with radial glia-like cells for their inducti...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bonilla S,Hall AC,Pinto L,Attardo A,Götz M,Huttner WB,Arenas E

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00