Assembly, disassembly, and exchange of glial fibrillary acidic protein.

abstract：:When the brain suffers injury, microglia migrate to the damaged sites and become activated. These activated microglia are not detected several days later and the mechanisms underlying their disappearance are not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yang MS,Park EJ,Sohn S,Kwon HJ,Shin WH,Pyo HK,Jin B,Choi KS,Jou I,Joe EH

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study describes a method to inhibit selectively the microglial cell proliferation following peripheral nerve injury. Continuous infusion of cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) from an osmotic minipump to the fourth ventricle or cisterna magna completely blocks the proliferation of microglial cells that normally o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Svensson M,Aldskogius H

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uptake of radiolabelled L-arginine was studied in four different kinds of glial cultures, in astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from neonatal rat and mouse brains, in pure murine astrocyte cultures, and in rat glioma cells C6-BU-1. A saturable component of uptake was found in all cases with KM values between 15 a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schmidlin A,Wiesinger H

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bmi1 is a polycomb group (Pc-G) protein involved in heritable gene repression, maintenance of cell identity, and proliferation. During the development of the central nervous system, Bmi1 is crucial for self-renewal of neural stem cells and for proliferation of neuronal (granule cell) progenitors of the cerebellum. Her...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang X,Santuccione A,Leung C,Marino S

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Toews JC,Schram V,Weerth SH,Mignery GA,Russell JT

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the intracellular and extracellular biological role of S100B protein with respect to microglia. S100B, which belongs to the multigenic family of Ca2+-binding proteins, is abundant in astrocytes where it is found diffusely in the cytoplasm and is associated with membranes and cytoskeleton constituents. S10...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Adami C,Sorci G,Blasi E,Agneletti AL,Bistoni F,Donato R

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal-glial interactions are important for normal brain function and contribute to the maintenance of the brain's extracellular environment. Damage to glial cells following traumatic brain injury (TBI) could therefore be an important contributing factor to brain dysfunction and neuronal injury. We examined the earl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhao X,Ahram A,Berman RF,Muizelaar JP,Lyeth BG

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McKenzie JC,Berman NE,Thomas CR,Young JK,Compton LY,Cothran LN,Liu WL,Klein RM

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is required for the regulation of growth and development. Aberrant expression of molecules involved in RA signaling has been reported in various cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) has previously been sho...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Liu RZ,Li S,Garcia E,Glubrecht DD,Poon HY,Easaw JC,Godbout R

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS continues after birth, with astrocytes being generated well into the first two postnatal weeks. In this study, we have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lin G,Goldman JE

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike microglia and NG2 glia, astrocytes are incapable of migrating to sites of injury in the posttraumatic cerebral cortex, instead relying on proliferation to replenish their numbers and distribution in the affected region. However, neither the spectrum of their proliferative repertoire nor their postinjury distrib...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lange Canhos L,Chen M,Falk S,Popper B,Straub T,Götz M,Sirko S

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, glial cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune responses, and opioid peptides have been identified as essential mediators between the nervous and the immune systems. We report the profound upregulation of the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) by inflammatory me...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Buzas B,Rosenberger J,Kim KW,Cox BM

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All extant vertebrates have a blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized layer of cells that controls molecular traffic between blood and brain, and contributes to the regulation (homeostasis) of the brain microenvironment. Such homeostasis is critical for the stable function of synapses and neural networks. The barrier...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bundgaard M,Abbott NJ

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity and regulate the proliferation of Müller glia. We found that intraocular injections of insulin or FGF2 had variable effects u...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer AJ,Scott MA,Ritchey ER,Sherwood P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence has revealed that astrocytes are potential targets for various neurotransmitters. Here we investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on signal transduction in purified primary cultures of rat type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, a metabolite of PGD2 and ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ito S,Sugama K,Inagaki N,Fukui H,Giles H,Wada H,Hayaishi O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent and broadly acting neurotrophic factor that protects neurons in various types of cultured neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity and induced-apoptosis. Some of the effects of PEDF reflect specific changes in gene expression, mediated via activation of the transcri...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yabe T,Sanagi T,Schwartz JP,Yamada H

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous in vitro studies using cell cultures or brain slices have demonstrated that phospholipase D (PLD) in the nervous system is involved in the signaling mechanism in response to a variety of agonists. However, little is known about the pathophysiological role of PLD-mediated signaling in the adult brain. We exami...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lee MY,Kim SY,Min DS,Choi YS,Shin SL,Chun MH,Lee SB,Kim MS,Jo YH

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The myelin basic protein gene (Mbp) encodes for the major myelin structural proteins and it is included in the Golli-Mbp gene complex. Previously, we observed MBP-like proteins in the human central nervous system (CNS) at developmental stages preceding myelination. In an effort to distinguish between Golli (HOG5 and H...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tosic M,Rakic S,Matthieu J-,Zecevic N

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human death. Glial scar formation largely caused by reactive astrogliosis in peri-infarct region (PIR) is the hallmark of FIS. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell-line supernatant and is a potent survival neurotr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zhang N,Zhang Z,He R,Li H,Ding S

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence supports an essential role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the development, differentiation, as well as de- and re-generation of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Both IL-6 and its specific receptor (IL-6R) are expressed on neurons and glial cells including astrocytes. In this study, we have...

journal_title：Glia

authors： März P,Heese K,Dimitriades-Schmutz B,Rose-John S,Otten U

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse sciatic nerves from the degeneration-resistant strain C57BL/6/Wld (Ola) were surgically injected with lysolecithin to induce focal demyelination. Three days later they were transected adjacent to the spinal cord to eliminate contact of the axons with their cell bodies. The Na+ channel distribution was assessed b...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tzoumaka EE,Novaković SD,Levinson SR,Shrager P

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a critical role in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by regulating the viability of oligodendrocytes. Our previous studies show th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stone S,Wu S,Jamison S,Durose W,Pallais JP,Lin W

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brain of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To this purpose, we used two tight junction markers, the Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and claudin-1 proteins, and a glial marker, th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nico B,Frigeri A,Nicchia GP,Corsi P,Ribatti D,Quondamatteo F,Herken R,Girolamo F,Marzullo A,Svelto M,Roncali L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal signals activate myelinogenesis via regulation of the extent to which oligodendrocyte (OLG) processes wrap around the axon. The cytoskeleton in OLG processes is actively involved in myelination and is a putative target for axonal regulation of myelination. The axon-associated neuregulins may regulate the cytosk...

journal_title：Glia

authors： LoPresti P,Muma NA,De Vries GH

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous studies demonstrated the involvement of quinone formation in dopaminergic neuron dysfunction in the L-DOPA-treated parkinsonian model and in methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity. We further reported that the cysteine-rich metal-binding metallothionein (MT) family of proteins protects dopaminergic neurons ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miyazaki I,Asanuma M,Kikkawa Y,Takeshima M,Murakami S,Miyoshi K,Sogawa N,Kita T

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytic glycogen, the only storage form of glucose in the brain, has been shown to play a fundamental role in supporting learning and memory, an effect achieved by providing metabolic support for neurons. We have examined the interplay between glycogenolysis and the bioenergetics of astrocytic Ca(2+) homeostasis, b...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Müller MS,Fox R,Schousboe A,Waagepetersen HS,Bak LK

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of trimethyltin chloride (TMT). Three days following treatment, a neuronal alteration was observed in the CA3c pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus which was not accompanied by any apparent astrocyte reaction. At 1 as well as 2 weeks after treatment, a gliosis in hippo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Andersson H,Luthman J,Olson L

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of this study was to investigate the reaction of the Müller cells to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP is one of the risk factors in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Müller cells play an important role in retinal homeostasis. The reaction of Müller cells was examined by e...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Woldemussie E,Wijono M,Ruiz G

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Brooker SM,Bond AM,Peng CY,Kessler JA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00