Spatial arrangement of microglia in the mouse hippocampus: a stereological study in comparison with astrocytes.

abstract：:Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-interacting pentaspan membrane glycoprotein specifically associated with plasma membrane protrusions. Prominin-1 is expressed by various stem and progenitor cells, notably neuroepithelial progenitors found in the developing embryonic brain. Here, we further investigated its expressi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Corbeil D,Joester A,Fargeas CA,Jászai J,Garwood J,Hellwig A,Werner HB,Huttner WB

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Free glycine is known to have vital functions in the mammalian brain, where it serves mainly as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. Despite its importance, little is known about the metabolic pathways of glycine synthesis and degradation in the central nervous system. In this study, the pathway of glycine metabo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Verleysdonk S,Martin H,Willker W,Leibfritz D,Hamprecht B

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage can adopt several phenotypes, process call polarization, which is crucial for shaping inflammatory responses to injury. It is not known if microglia, a resident brain macrophage population, polarizes in a similar way, and whether specific microglial phenotypes modulate cell death in response to brain injury...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Girard S,Brough D,Lopez-Castejon G,Giles J,Rothwell NJ,Allan SM

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mature central nervous system (CNS) regulated secretion of ATP from astrocytes is thought to play a significant role in cell signaling. Whether such a mechanism is also operative in the developing nervous system and, if so, during which stage of development, has not been investigated. We have tackled this quest...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Striedinger K,Meda P,Scemes E

更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 bind to the common receptor CXCR3 and are implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated immunity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we examined the temporal and spatial regulation of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes in the CNS of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carter SL,Müller M,Manders PM,Campbell IL

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extrasynaptic region of the squid giant nerve fiber exhibits neuron-Schwann cell interactions that appear to involve glutamate as a mediator. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that the periaxonal sheaths of such nerves (where the Schwann cells are located) possess the capacity to transport glutamate. However...

journal_title：Glia

authors： García RA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia transform from homeostatic to disease-associated-microglia (DAM) profiles in neurodegeneration. Within DAM, we recently identified distinct pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory sub-profiles although transcriptional regulators of homeostatic and distinct DAM profiles remain unclear. Informed by these studie...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gao T,Jernigan J,Raza SA,Dammer EB,Xiao H,Seyfried NT,Levey AI,Rangaraju S

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the initial mechanical insult of spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary mediators propagate a massive loss of oligodendrocytes. We previously showed that following SCI both the total phospholipase activity and cytosolic PLA(2)-IV alpha protein expression increased. However, the expression of secreted isoforms of PL...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Titsworth WL,Cheng X,Ke Y,Deng L,Burckardt KA,Pendleton C,Liu NK,Shao H,Cao QL,Xu XM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was performed in order to follow the response of rat cerebellum astroglial cells (Bergmann glial cells and astrocytes) to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS), by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin immunoreactivities. Bergmann glia accumulated GFAP in response to PCS, whereas as...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suárez I,Bodega G,Arilla E,Rubio M,Villalba R,Fernández B

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike most bodily organs, the central nervous system (CNS) exists behind a blood-tissue barrier designed to minimize the passage of cells and macromolecules into the neural parenchyma. Yet, the CNS is routinely and effectively surveyed by the immune system. This review examines the mechanisms and participants in this...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hickey WF

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:C-erbB receptor/neuregulin signalling plays a significant role in Schwann cell function. In vivo, Schwann cells up-regulate expression of c-erbB receptors in the first month after injury, but receptor expression is down-regulated with time to levels that are not detectable immunohistochemically. The inability of chron...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li H,Wigley C,Hall SM

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed that trisialoganglioside (GT1b) induces cell death of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencephalic cultures (Chung et al., Neuroreport 12:611-614, 2001). The present study examines the in vivo neurotoxic effects of GT1b on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ryu JK,Shin WH,Kim J,Joe EH,Lee YB,Cho KG,Oh YJ,Kim SU,Jin BK

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Close JL,Liu J,Gumuscu B,Reh TA

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) gene. SCA1 is characterized by balance and coordination deficits due to the predominant loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. We previously demonstrated t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kim JH,Lukowicz A,Qu W,Johnson A,Cvetanovic M

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system that sense extracellular cues. Brain injuries, inflammation, and pathology evoke dynamic structural responses in microglia, altering their morphology and motility. The dynamic motility of microglia is hypothesized to be a critical first step in sensing lo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Umpierre AD,Wu LJ

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Radial glial cells play an essential role through their function as guides for neuronal migration during development. Disruption of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) function retards the growth of radial glial processes in vitro. Neuregulins (NRG) are activated by proteolytic cleavage and regulate (radial) gl...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Louhivuori LM,Turunen PM,Louhivuori V,Yellapragada V,Nordström T,Uhlén P,Åkerman KE

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of microglia, the brain resident macrophages, in glioma biology is still ill-defined. Despite their cytotoxic potential, these cells that significantly infiltrate the tumor mass seem to support tumor growth rather than tumor eradication. A proper activation of microglia anti-tumor activities within the tumor ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mora R,Abschuetz A,Kees T,Dokic I,Joschko N,Kleber S,Geibig R,Mosconi E,Zentgraf H,Martin-Villalba A,Régnier-Vigouroux A

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dentate neurogenesis, important for learning and memory, declines dramatically by middle age. Although studies have shown that this age-related decrease can be reversed to some extent by exogenous applications of mitogenic factors, it is unclear whether one or more of these factors exhibits decline by middle age. We h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shetty AK,Hattiangady B,Shetty GA

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal signals activate myelinogenesis via regulation of the extent to which oligodendrocyte (OLG) processes wrap around the axon. The cytoskeleton in OLG processes is actively involved in myelination and is a putative target for axonal regulation of myelination. The axon-associated neuregulins may regulate the cytosk...

journal_title：Glia

authors： LoPresti P,Muma NA,De Vries GH

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammalian brain peripheral benzodiazepine (PBZD) receptors are predominantly localized on astroglial cells. Previous studies utilizing whole membrane preparations from brain and peripheral organs of various species have indicated several distinctions between the drug-receptor interactions of the two prototypic PBZD...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Itzhak Y,Baker L,Norenberg MD

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human astrocytes provide trophic as well as structural support to the surrounding brain cells. Furthermore, they have been implicated in many physiological processes important for central nervous system function. Traditionally astrocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous class of cells, however, it has increasi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： de Majo M,Koontz M,Rowitch D,Ullian EM

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clarke BE,Taha DM,Tyzack GE,Patani R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes play a key role regulating aspects of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Several enzymes, such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with different inflammatory mediators such as the free radical nitric oxide (NO) or proinflammatory cytokines, ha...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ortega-Gutiérrez S,Molina-Holgado E,Guaza C

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal component of the intermediary filaments in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). The protein consists of three domains: the head, the coiled-coil, and the tail. Here, we describe the isolation of an evolutionary conserved novel GFAP isoform, GFAP...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blechingberg J,Holm IE,Nielsen KB,Jensen TH,Jørgensen AL,Nielsen AL

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NG2 is a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein encoded by the Cspg4 gene. It is expressed on glial progenitor cells known as NG2 glial cells or oligodendrocyte precursor cells that exist widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system and vascular mural cells but not on mature oligodendrocytes, astr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gotoh H,Wood WM,Patel KD,Factor DC,Boshans LL,Nomura T,Tesar PJ,Ono K,Nishiyama A

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury to the preterm brain has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter. White matter injury (WMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity including cerebral palsy. Factors that predispose to WMI include cerebral oxygenation disturbanc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Back SA,Rosenberg PA

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal activity leads to arteriole dilation and increased blood flow in retinal vessels. This response, termed functional hyperemia, is diminished in the retinas of diabetic patients, possibly contributing to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The mechanism responsible for this loss is unknown. Here we show th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mishra A,Newman EA

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) are known to preserve morphological and physiological features of the in vivo situation; however, little is known about the properties of microglial cells under these in vitro conditions. In this study, we addressed the question whether microglial cells in OHSC...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hailer NP,Jarhult JD,Nitsch R

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00