A novel role of microglial NADPH oxidase in mediating extra-synaptic function of norepinephrine in regulating brain immune homeostasis.

abstract：:In multiple sclerosis (MS), one strategy to reduce disability is enhancement of endogenous repair by remyelinating oligodendrocytes derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OP). An important prerequisite is determining the abundance of OP relative to oligodendrocytes in normal human central nervous system (CNS),...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jennings A,Carroll W

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent and broadly acting neurotrophic factor that protects neurons in various types of cultured neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity and induced-apoptosis. Some of the effects of PEDF reflect specific changes in gene expression, mediated via activation of the transcri...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yabe T,Sanagi T,Schwartz JP,Yamada H

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as a target for autoantibody-mediated demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) resulted in the re-evaluation of the role of B cell responses to myelin autoantigens in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. MOG is a central n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Iglesias A,Bauer J,Litzenburger T,Schubart A,Linington C

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transient global ischemia induces CA1 hippocampal neuronal death without astrocyte death, perhaps mediated in part by the toxic translocation of zinc from presynaptic terminals to postsynaptic neurons. We tested the hypothesis that cellular depolarization, which occurs in the ischemic brain due to increased extracellu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sheline CT,Takata T,Ying H,Canzoniero LM,Yang A,Yu SP,Choi DW

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate and mature into oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin in the central nervous system. Prior studies have shown that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is necessary for proper myelination of the mouse spinal cord and that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) sign...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ornelas IM,Khandker L,Wahl SE,Hashimoto H,Macklin WB,Wood TL

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We characterized morphological effects of the endogenous excitotoxin, glutamate in ex vivo retinal segments prepared from 30-day-old rats. Initial changes induced by glutamate consisted of reversible, sodium-dependent Müller cell swelling. This glial swelling was mimicked by glutamate transport substrates but not by i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Izumi Y,Kirby CO,Benz AM,Olney JW,Zorumski CF

更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that cultured astrocytes from neonatal rat cerebral cortex are depolarized by GABA. The underlying ionic mechanism, activation of a Cl- conductance and responses to an agonist and antagonists were found to be similar to those of the neuronal GABAA receptor (Kettenmann et al.: Brain Research 40...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Backus KH,Kettenmann H,Schachner M

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia respond rapidly to injury, increasing their synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, many of which contribute to the maintenance of persistent pain following CNS or PNS injury. We have recently shown that the lysosomal cysteine protease Cathepsin S (CatS) expressed by spinal microglia is vital for th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Clark AK,Wodarski R,Guida F,Sasso O,Malcangio M

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bassi R,Anelli V,Giussani P,Tettamanti G,Viani P,Riboni L

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes can experience large intracellular Na+ changes following the activation of the Na+-coupled glutamate transport. The present study investigated whether cytosolic Na+ changes are transmitted to mitochondria, which could therefore influence their function and contribute to the overall intracellular Na+ regulat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bernardinelli Y,Azarias G,Chatton JY

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cerebral edema, a life-threatening medical complication, contributes to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and a poor clinical prognosis after TBI. Unfortunately, treatment options to reduce post-traumatic edema remain suboptimal, du...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Laird MD,Shields JS,Sukumari-Ramesh S,Kimbler DE,Fessler RD,Shakir B,Youssef P,Yanasak N,Vender JR,Dhandapani KM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a novel method of isolating and culturing murine colonic mucosal glial cells. Two morphologies are appreciated, a small flat bi or tri polar cell and a larger multipolar cell. The glial cultures have been freed of contaminating fibroblasts and epithelial cells and have been passaged by trypsinization...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bernstein CN,Vidrich A

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miron VE,Rajasekharan S,Jarjour AA,Zamvil SS,Kennedy TE,Antel JP

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The creatine kinase isoenzymes play an important role in maintaining ATP levels in some cell types during times of high energy demand. We have previously shown in primary cell cultures from rat brain that glial cells express much higher levels of brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA than neurons. In a separate earlier stu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kuzhikandathil EV,Molloy GR

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gamma-secretase is an aspartyl protease composed of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), APH1, and PEN2. These proteins assemble into a membrane complex that cleaves a variety of substrates within the transmembrane domain. The gamma-secretase cleavage products play an important role in various biological p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nadler Y,Alexandrovich A,Grigoriadis N,Hartmann T,Rao KS,Shohami E,Stein R

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia can be isolated with high purity but low yield by shaking off loosely adherent cells from mixed glial cultures. Here we describe a new technique for isolating microglia with an average yield close to 2,000,000 microglial cells/mouse pup, more than five times higher than that of the shaking method. Confluent ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Saura J,Tusell JM,Serratosa J

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mole...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Healy LM,Yaqubi M,Ludwin S,Antel JP

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have compared the effects of platelet-derived (PDGF) and basic fibroblast (bFGF) growth factors on the shape, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, the precursors of myelin-forming cells in the CNS. In the presence of bFGF, oligodendrocyte progenitors purified from rat neonatal brain c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McKinnon RD,Smith C,Behar T,Smith T,Dubois-Dalcq M

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge of multiple sclerosis (MS) neuropathology has benefited from a number of studies that provided an in-depth description of plaques and, more recently, diffuse alterations of the normal-appearing white or grey matter. However, there have been few studies focusing on the periplaque regions surrounding demye...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lieury A,Chanal M,Androdias G,Reynolds R,Cavagna S,Giraudon P,Confavreux C,Nataf S

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mannose receptor is a pattern-recognition receptor involved in innate and adaptive immunity. The receptor is mainly expressed by macrophages and, within the brain, by astrocytes and microglia. This study reports for the first time the effects of two classical proinflammatory (interferon-gamma, IFNgamma) and anti-i...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zimmer H,Riese S,Régnier-Vigouroux A

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An organism's response to stress requires activation of multiple brain regions. This can have long-lasting effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity that likely provide adaptive benefits. Recent evidence implicates not only neurones, but also glial cells in the regulation of the central response to stress. Inten...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Murphy-Royal C,Gordon GR,Bains JS

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effect of receptor blockade induced by an angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist (AT(1)-RB) on glial and vascular changes in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). OIR was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by exposure to 80% oxygen from postnatal (P) days 0-1...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Downie LE,Pianta MJ,Vingrys AJ,Wilkinson-Berka JL,Fletcher EL

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the presen...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kukley M,Barden JA,Steinhäuser C,Jabs R

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS continues after birth, with astrocytes being generated well into the first two postnatal weeks. In this study, we have isolated an A2B5(+) astrocyte precursor (APC) from the postnatal rat forebrain, which is capable of differentiating into mature astrocytes in serum-free medium without...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lin G,Goldman JE

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms involved in oligodendroglial cell death in human demyelinating diseases are only partly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the BH3 only protein Puma, but not Noxa, is essential for oligodendroglial cell death in toxic demyelination induced by the copper chelator cuprizone. Primary oligodendrocytes de...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hagemeier K,Lürbke A,Hucke S,Albrecht S,Preisner A,Klassen E,Hoffmann E,Cui QL,Antel J J,Brück W,Klotz L,Kuhlmann T

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, are derived postnatally from oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the mechanisms that regulate their generation from SVZ neural stem cells (NSC) are poorly understood. Here, we have examined the role of glycogen synthase kinase ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Azim K,Rivera A,Raineteau O,Butt AM

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of extracellular space volume and imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have shown that neuronal activity increases light transmittance by causing cellular swelling. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these volume changes and the contribution of astrocyte swelling to the changes in tissue v...

journal_title：Glia

authors： MacVicar BA,Feighan D,Brown A,Ransom B

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of glial cells in lesioned nerves contribute quite substantially to success or failure of axon regeneration in the CNS. Goldfish retinal axons regenerate after optic nerve lesion (ONS) and express the L1-like cell adhesion protein E587 antigen on their surfaces. Goldfish oligodendrocytes in vitro also p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ankerhold R,Leppert CA,Bastmeyer M,Stuermer CA

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause of major neurological disability, and no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Traumatic SCI directly damages the cell bodies and/or processes of neurons and triggers a series of endogenous processes, including neuroinflammatory response and reactive astrogliosis. In this s...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Su Z,Yuan Y,Cao L,Zhu Y,Gao L,Qiu Y,He C

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to exert diverse functions in the brain, but it has been difficult to prove this in vivo because of a scarcity of tools to manipulate these cells. Here, we report the generation of new transgenic mouse lines that allow for conditional gene ablation in astrocytes using the tamoxifen- (TAM-) induc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Slezak M,Göritz C,Niemiec A,Frisén J,Chambon P,Metzger D,Pfrieger FW

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00