Abstract：
:Cells with a low density of parasite-specific antigens on their surface are postulated to be susceptible to a cell-mediated attack but not to effector mechanisms normally activated following the binding of specific antibody to the infected cell. It is further postulated that such infected cells normally induce a cell-mediated response, and that cells infected with slow-growing intracellular parasites have a low density of parasite-specific antigens on their surface. Despite these general postulates, cell-mediated immunity is not invariably induced following natural infection by certain slow-growing parasites, such as those responsible for leprosy, tuberculosis, and the leishmaniases, and antibody can be induced that is exclusive of a strong, cell-mediated response. It is proposed that certain events in such cases subvert the normal regulatory processes that control the class of immunity induced. In these cases, the parasite-infected cells, bearing a low representation of parasite antigens, induce antibody even though they are not susceptible to antibody-dependent effector mechanisms, and so they are not eliminated. In this case, chronic infection and uncontrolled growth of the parasite occurs, often with fatal consequences.
journal_name
Immunol Cell Bioljournal_title
Immunology and cell biologyauthors
Bretscher PAdoi
10.1038/icb.1992.44subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-10-01 00:00:00pages
343-51eissn
0818-9641issn
1440-1711journal_volume
70 ( Pt 5)pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Construction of libraries of artificial antibodies has been reported by several groups of investigators. Various forms of antibody fused to surface protein, cpII, are expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Since phages that encode desired antibodies can be easily grown in Escherichia coli after selection with ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1997.33
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats intestinally immunized with whole killed non-typable Haemophilus influenzae clear this organism from the lungs faster than non-immunized rats. This study investigated the role of antibody and phagocytes in the clearance mechanism. First, dose-response experiments demonstrated that while lowering the dose of non-t...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1995.42
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:zeta (CD3-zeta) and gamma (Fc epsilon RI gamma) chains associate with CD16, the low affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RIII) on human NK cells and are essential for the cell surface expression of CD16 and for CD16-mediated effector functions. This study has investigated whether, on NK cells, molecules other than CD16...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1994.13
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is important in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-alpha-deficient mice show more severe colonic inflammation than wild-type (Wt) mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and histopathology, we found t...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.icb.7100112
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been described that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) enhance the replication of CC-chemokine receptor 5/macrophage-tropic (R5) HIV in cultures of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In this study, the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) on R5 HIV replication influenced by PMNs was investigated in MDM cu...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2009.40
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study demonstrates that a syngeneic specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) positive tumour requires dual processing and recognition of tumour antigens. One type of antigen is processed and expressed in association with class I MHC at the surface of intac...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.36
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contributing role of circulating human dendritic cell (DC) populations and basophils in the presentation and augmentation of Th2 responses remains to be determined. The present study aimed at elucidating the functional role of CD1c(+) myeloid DCs (mDCs), CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), monocyte-derived DCs and b...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2014.23
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a logarithmic increase in the cost and complexity of the research and development process when transitioning a promising candidate vaccine from the laboratory into the clinic. Managing complex development programs involving people from diverse technical, cultural and geographical backgrounds is a specialised ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2009.30
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parturition is associated with myometrial and cervical inflammation. The causes and consequences of this inflammatory response are not clear. Mast cells (MCs) are important inducers of allergic and non-allergic inflammation, and their secreted products can induce myometrial contractions. Thus, mast cell activation has...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2011.40
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antitumour efficacy of Ida-anti-Ly-2.1 immunoconjugate in combination with murine TNF-alpha (mTNF-alpha) has been evaluated in a disseminated murine thymic lymphoma model E3. This tumour model shows characteristics similar to lymphoma in humans with widely disseminated tumour in major organs. In vitro both idarubi...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1997.39
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells are the founding members of the innate lymphoid cell family and contribute to the rapid production of inflammatory mediators upon pathogen detection. The evolution of receptors for self major histocompatibility complex-I and stress-induced ligands also bestows upon NK cells an important effec...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2014.1
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypothesis if formulated for the mode of action of the 'atopy gene': the gene(s) causing an increased tendency to mount an IgE immune response to trivial environmental antigens. It is postulated that some antigens are not efficiently transported to the lymphoid organs, the location of the 'eutopic' immune system; mi...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.28
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peyer's patches (PP) are important inductive sites for the mucosal immune response. It is well known that lymphocytes that migrate into PP are mainly of T-cell lineage from thymus-derived cells (i.e. alphabetaTCR(high) cells). In this study, we further characterized the properties of PP lymphocytes in mice using a mou...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01361.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice in medical research has been considerable, with applications ranging from basic biology all the way to translational and clinical investigations. Crossing of TCR transgenic mice with either recombination-activating gene (RAG)-1 or RAG-2 knockouts is frequently used ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imcb.12033
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha-gal epitope (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-(3)4GlcNAc-R) is abundantly synthesized on glycolipids and glycoproteins of non-primate mammals and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT). In humans, apes and Old World monkeys, this epitope is absent because the alpha1,3GT g...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01366.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report summarizes recent advances on host-pathogen interactions, innate and adaptive responses to infection, as well as novel strategies for the control of infectious diseases. ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2012.40
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies established that the high density (resting) natural killer (NK) cell subset (R-NK) of peripheral blood NK cells is unresponsive to interleukin-2 (IL-2) but can be induced to proliferate when cultured with gamma-irradiated malignant melanoma (MM-170) cells or mitomycin-C-treated activated T cells in th...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.9
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD4 T cells play a key role in immunological memory. We have demonstrated that professional memory CD4 T cells reside and rest in the bone marrow (BM). However, the molecular mechanisms of their establishment in the BM and their maintenance remain unclear. We here show that memory CD4 T cells express high levels of CD...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2013.36
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoic acid (RA) in the steady state enhances induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and inhibits differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, thereby maintaining tolerance, but can in inflammatory conditions promote effector Th1 and Th17 cells that mediate inflammation. IL-17-producing γδ T cells have recently b...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.39
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infections caused by group A streptococcus (GAS) represent a public health problem in both developing and developed countries. The current available methods of prevention are either inadequate or ineffective, which is highlighted by the resurgence in invasive GAS infections over the past two decades. The management of...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2009.29
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deoxyspergualin (DOSP) is a new immunosuppressive agent which probably inhibits various functions of monocytes, B cells and T cells. We examined the effects of deoxyspergualin on cellular cytotoxicity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated killer, natural killer (NK) cell and lymphokine activated killer (LAK...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1991.26
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the past 20 years footrot vaccines have evolved from simple bacterins to highly specific recombinant DNA (rDNA) fimbrial vaccines. The development of these vaccines has left a trail of discoveries, challenges and solutions; these processes continue as we move closer to understanding the requirements of a footrot v...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.53
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three murine monoclonal antibodies (BC1, BC2 and BC3) were developed against human milk fat globule membrane (HMFGM). By immunoperoxidase staining, it was found that the antigenic determinants had a predominant distribution in breast cancer tissue. In addition, the antibodies reacted preferentially with mucin derived ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1989.29
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humoral immune response, that is, the production of antibodies by B cells, is a critical component of immunity to infection and underlies the protection provided by the majority of successful vaccines. This Special Feature explores some of the latest advances in understanding B cell activation and differentiation,...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1111/imcb.12348
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the β-herpesvirus prototype, has evolved a wide spectrum of mechanisms to counteract host immunity. Among them, HCMV uses cellular captured genes encoding molecules capable of interfering with the original host function or of fulfilling new immunomodulatory tasks. Here, we report on UL7, ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2011.55
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a highly potent, proinflammatory cytokine with broad-ranging functions from the regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules to facilitate entry of leucocytes into tissues, to direct induction of cellular cytotoxicity. This diversity of function potentially attributable to TNF in t...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.77
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known today that the immune system is influenced by various types of psychological and physiological stressors, including physical activity. It is well known that physical activity can influence neuropeptide levels both in the central nervous system as well as in peripheral blood. The reported changes of immune ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-10-.x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of a tunicate immunomodulatory protein, tunIL1, to interact with mammalian cells was investigated. TunIL1 is known to regulate inflammatory defence reactions in tunicates and to stimulate the proliferation of mammalian thymocytes. In the current study, tunIL1 was shown to enchance L929 fibroblast prolifera...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.3
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the immune system multiple mechanisms balance the need for efficient pathogen recognition and destruction with the prevention of tissue damage by excessive, inappropriate or even self-targeting (auto)immune reactions. This immune homeostasis is a tightly regulated system which fails during tumor development, of...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imcb.12001
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activins and inhibins are members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that have been considered crucial regulators of cell processes, such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, in different cell types. Initial studies about the function of activin A in the immune system focused on the regulation...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2011.32
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
