Abstract：
:The purpose of the article is to describe the optics of the contact wide-angle lens system with stereo-reinverter for vitreous surgery. A panoramic viewing system is made up of two components; an indirect ophthalmoscopy lens system for fundus image viewing, which is placed on the patient's cornea as a contact lens, and a separate removable prism system for reinversion of the image mounted on the microscope above the zooming system. The system provides a 104 degrees field of view in a phakic emmetropic eye with minification, which can be magnified by the operating microscope. It permits a binocular stereoptic view even through a small pupil (3 mm) or larger. In an air-filled phakic eye, field of view increases to approximately 130 degrees. The obtained image of the patient's fundus is reinverted to form true, erect, stereoscopic image by the reinversion system. In conclusion, this system permits wide-angle panoramic view of the surgical field. The contact lens neutralizes the optical irregularities of the corneal surface and allows improved visualization in eyes with irregular astigmatism induced by corneal scars. Excellent visualization is achieved in complex clinical situations such as miotic pupils, lenticular opacities, and in air-filled phakic eyes.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Chalam KV,Shah VAdoi
10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.04.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-07-01 00:00:00pages
437-45issue
4eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
S0039625704000906journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The pathogenesis of many anterior segment disorders and ocular complications following surgery are secondary to the wound healing response. The extent of clinical damage observed is closely related to the amount of scarring and tissue contraction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that play a vi...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00287-4
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With an occurrence of approximately 1 in 3000 births, von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most common inherited human disorders. NF is considered a neurocristopathy, a disorder of neural crest derived cells. One of the complications of NF is the development of neural crest derived malignancies such...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(89)90014-3
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lasers have become an indispensable tool in management of many ocular disorders. This review describes the principles of lasers and the effects various laser modalities and wavelength modalities can produce on ocular structure. Guidelines are provided for appropriate selection of various wavelengths and prevention of ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(84)90244-3
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 56-year-old woman presented with a unilateral ptosis induced by a nonembedded soft contact lens of approximately 2 years' duration. The unilateral ptosis most likely resulted form localized inflammation and the physical presence of the soft contact lens. The patient's symptoms resolved completely after double lid ev...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00029-0
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A common detection and classification system is needed for epidemiologic studies of age-related maculopathy (ARM). Such a grading scheme for ARM is described in this paper. ARM is defined as a degenerative disorder in persons > or = 50 years of age characterized on grading of color fundus transparencies by the presenc...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80092-x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is important to equip future ophthalmic surgeons with appropriate surgical skills without compromising patient care. The ExPRESS implant surgery is very similar to trabeculectomy surgery in both efficacy and technique, but is less traumatic and may be prone to less postoperative hypotony and require less postoperat...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.02.008
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 23-year-old male presented with bilateral sclerokeratitis. He reported recent bronchitis, sinusitis, dyspnea on exertion, hemoptysis, arthralgias and myalgias. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed by a positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) test and a nasal and subglotic biopsy showing granulomato...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(93)90067-h
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiogenesis is a complex biologic process that occurs normally in development and in turnover and remodeling of mature vascular networks. Pathological angiogenesis and neovascularization occur in association with retinal and ocular ischemic diseases, in retinopathy of prematurity and other developmental disorders, an...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(96)82014-5
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a highly innovative technique which allows for the generation of large amounts of DNA starting from minute quantities obtained from the blood or tissue of a patient. With the increasing knowledge concerning the structure of the human genome and the potential to amplify specific s...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(96)00004-5
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this review is to present the current knowledge on specific growth factor involvement in posterior segment eye disease. Growth factors can be defined as multifunctional signals which modify cell growth or proliferation, alone or in concert, by binding to specific cell surface receptors. Their biological ef...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(92)90115-a
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is generally accepted that postoperatively radiographic examinations be limited to the area of pathology. The patient presented here complained of visual difficulties two years after transphenoidal removal of a pituitary prolactinoma. His endocrinologist ordered what he believed to be the appropriate computed tomog...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(85)90090-6
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Typical optic neuritis is an idiopathic demyelinating condition that is often associated with multiple sclerosis. This has been well characterized and has an excellent prognosis. Atypical optic neuritis can result from an inflammatory, infectious, or autoimmune disorder. Differentiating the two types of optic neuritis...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eye cancer-related glaucomas occur through a variety of mechanisms. They can be challenging to diagnose and are often refractory to treatment. The literature reveals the variety of ways eye cancers cause glaucoma. Mechanisms include direct invasion, infiltration, or seeding of the aqueous outflow structures as well as...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.002
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optic nerve hemangioblastoma is a rare tumor that is usually unilateral and most commonly occurs in the context of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Differential diagnosis is based on clinical history and imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement is the most useful imaging modality as it can reveal flow...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.10.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lamellar keratoplasty procedures have gained momentum in the field of corneal transplantation because of their inherent advantages over full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty. While penetrating keratoplasty is an open sky procedure fraught with sight-threatening intraoperative and postoperative complications, lamella...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.04.002
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 24-year-old man experienced the sudden onset of a painless superior-temporal visual field defect of the left eye. Fundoscopy showed peripapillary pigmentary changes and a few nasal retinal white spots. Automated perimetry demonstrated an enlarged blind spot. The differential diagnosis of the various presumed inflamm...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.12.003
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:India, the second most populous country in the world, is home to 23.5% of the world's blind population. In 1976 India became the first country in the world to start a national program for control of blindness. All surveys in the country have shown that cataract is the most common cause of blindness and all prevention ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.10.008
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posterior scleritis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of many ocular conditions, including angle closure glaucoma, choroidal folds, optic disk edema, circumscribed fundus mass, choroidal detachment, and exudative retinal detachment. Because it is rare, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Anterior sc...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(88)90093-8
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten cases of naturally occurring dendritic keratitis (feline herpes keratitis), which are manifestations of the disease commonly known as feline viral rhinotracheitis, have been identified in domestic cats in San Fancisco. Neonatal, juvenile, and adult forms of the disease are described and their treatment is discusse...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(76)90102-8
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in low tension glaucoma (LTG) has been investigated. The POBF was measured using the Ocular Blood Flow system of Langham in undisturbed eyes and repeated at IOP increments of about 5 and 10 mmHg in 20 patien...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(94)90064-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topical treatment of ocular bacterial infection is practiced widely, and the choice of the antibacterial agent depends on the nature of the infection, including the susceptibility of the organism, the tissue affected, and the safety profile of the agent. Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone approved for...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.05.003
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scleritis is typically a severe painful inflammatory process centered in the sclera that may involve the cornea, adjacent episclera, and underlying uvea; it poses a significant threat to vision. Careful clinical history taking, detailed ocular examination, appropriate investigation for ocular disease with or without u...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.04.001
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cornea's intense innervation is responsible for corneal trophism and ocular surface hemostasis maintenance. Corneal diabetic neuropathy affects subbasal nerve plexus, with progressive alteration of nerves' morphology and density. The quantitative analysis of nerve fibers can be performed with in vivo corneal confo...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.003
更新日期：2020-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in many developed countries. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare complication with potentially devastating visual outcomes. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery despite growing evidence of the...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.04.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corneal transplant surgeries have a broad range of indications with outcomes largely dependent on surgeon experience. Traditional manual techniques have certain limitations pertaining to the preparation of donor tissue and the recipient bed that might affect the predictability of visual outcomes. Use of lasers for ker...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.01.009
更新日期：2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of topical adrenergic agents on the tissue circulation of the optic nerve head (ONH) were studied in animal and human eyes with use of a laser speckle tissue circulation analyzer. Drugs studied were nipradilol, a beta1-2-blocker with weak alpha-blocking and nitroglycerinlike activities; bunazosin, a select...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(97)80027-6
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 32-year-old woman experienced dizziness and headache for 5 months. She also complained of painless, progressive bilateral visual loss for several weeks. Before developing the initial symptoms, she had an uncomplicated pregnancy except for dizziness and systemic hypotension during the first term. Fundus examination d...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial diseases frequently manifest neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and signs. Because of the predilection of mitochondrial disorders to involve the optic nerves, extraocular muscles, retina, and even the retrochiasmal visual pathways, the ophthalmologist is often the first physician to be consulted. Disorders ca...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.10.002
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoma of the eyelid constitutes 5% of ocular adnexal lymphoma. In previously published cases, 56% of lymphomas of the eyelid are of B-cell origin and 44% are of T-cell origin. The most frequent B-cell lymphomas are extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (27 cases-14%) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (18 cases-9%). T-c...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.11.009
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its inception in the late 1990s, corneal cross-linking has grown from an interesting concept to a primary treatment for corneal ectatic disease worldwide. Using a combination of ultraviolet-A light and a chromophore (vitamin B2, riboflavin), the cornea can be stiffened, usually with a single application, and pro...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
