Abstract:
:The cornea's intense innervation is responsible for corneal trophism and ocular surface hemostasis maintenance. Corneal diabetic neuropathy affects subbasal nerve plexus, with progressive alteration of nerves' morphology and density. The quantitative analysis of nerve fibers can be performed with in vivo corneal confocal microscopy considering the main parameters such as corneal nerve fibers length, corneal nerve fibers density, corneal nerve branching density, tortuosity coefficient, and beadings frequency. As the nerve examination permits the detection of early changes occurring in diabetes, the invivo corneal confocal microscopy becomes, over time, an important tool for diabetic polyneuropathy assessment and follow-up. In this review, we summarize the actual evidence about corneal nerve changes in diabetes and the relationship between the grade of alterations and the duration and severity of the disease. We aim at understanding how diabetes impacts corneal nerves and how it correlates with sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy and retinal complications. We also attempt to analyze the safety of the most common surgical procedures such as cataract and refractive surgery in diabetic patients and to highlight the specific risk factors. We believe that information about the corneal nerve fibers' condition obtained from the in vivo subbasal nerve plexus investigation may be crucial in monitoring peripheral small fiber polyneuropathy and that it will help with decision-making in ophthalmic surgery in diabetic patients.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Roszkowska AM,Licitra C,Tumminello G,Postorino EI,Colonna MR,Aragona Pdoi
10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-19 00:00:00eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
S0039-6257(20)30133-8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Unknown to the Western hemisphere, a Polish scientist, naturalist, anatomist, physiologist, philosopher and optician, Witelo, wrote an important ten volume manuscript, Peri-Optikes, usually cited in the literature as Perspectiva. This classic textbook was first published in 1535 in Nuremberg under the title: Vitellion...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(96)80028-2
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The only Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, led a long and eventful life. He was a Mississippi planter, a husband, a father, West Point graduate, war hero, congressman, senator, secretary of war, and finally President of the Confederate States of America. In many ways he was a study of contrast with his northern ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.08.007
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 81-year-old-woman developed a right facial palsy and orbital cellulitis following an apparently innocuous puncture injury of the right lower eyelid. Generalized tetanus ensued which proved fatal despite aggressive treatment including use of tetanus immune globulin, wound debridement, and neuromuscular blockade with...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90118-4
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drugs across many pharmacologic classes induce corneal epithelial changes. Many of these drugs have cationic amphiphilic structures, with a hydrophobic ring and hydrophilic cationic amine side chain that allow them to cross cell membranes. These drugs lead to intracellular phospholipid accumulation, often manifested i...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.11.008
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital corneal anesthesia is a rare clinical entity that poses a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the pediatric age group. The sensory deficit may be confined to the cornea, or extend to other divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The sensory deficit may occur as an isolated abnormality, as part of a complex neuro...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.10.004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomally inherited disorder that is associated with the accumulation of mineralized and fragmented elastic fibers in the skin, Bruch's membrane in the retina, and vessel walls. The ophthalmic and dermatologic expression of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and its vascular complications are he...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00053-5
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A ten-day ophthalmology clerkship for third-year medical students is described. The curriculum, detailed in a day-by-day syllabus, sets specific student goals, evaluates attainment of the goals by a pre-post test, utilizes a student-oriented study guide keyed to major textbrooks as core material with slide-tape and vi...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(77)90090-x
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several Greek and Byzantine sovereigns are known in history by nicknames that are of ophthalmologic origin; the sobriquets derive from characteristics of their eyes or their actions in relation to the eyes. The first was Antigonos I Monophthalmus (the One-eyed), who was the most eminent successor of Alexander the Grea...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00039-9
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in low tension glaucoma (LTG) has been investigated. The POBF was measured using the Ocular Blood Flow system of Langham in undisturbed eyes and repeated at IOP increments of about 5 and 10 mmHg in 20 patien...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(94)90064-7
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which there is progressive loss of photoreceptor and pigment epithelial function. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1/3000 and 1/5000 making it one of the most common causes of visual impairment in all a...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90085-9
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic macular lesions frequently contribute to impaired visual acuity in hereditary retinal dystrophies. Their pathogenesis varies and is not entirely understood. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have proven to be potentially efficacious, although not in all cases. We discuss the various factors and mechanisms implicate...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.006
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten cases of naturally occurring dendritic keratitis (feline herpes keratitis), which are manifestations of the disease commonly known as feline viral rhinotracheitis, have been identified in domestic cats in San Fancisco. Neonatal, juvenile, and adult forms of the disease are described and their treatment is discusse...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(76)90102-8
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-year-old full-term boy with a history of an intermittent exotropia presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic for routine follow-up. He was found to have a stable sensorimotor examination however dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye was significant for a dim foveal reflex with a new discrete, wh...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.12.003
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Posterior scleritis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of many ocular conditions, including angle closure glaucoma, choroidal folds, optic disk edema, circumscribed fundus mass, choroidal detachment, and exudative retinal detachment. Because it is rare, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Anterior sc...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90093-8
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus is the most common infectious conjunctivitis. Adenoviruses are highly contagious pathogens. The modes of transmission are mainly through hand to eye contact, ocular secretions, respiratory droplets, and contact with ophthalmic care providers and their medical instruments. The ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medication errors are a frequent cause of medical malpractice claims. Because serious injury often results, medication errors can be costly to defend, indemnify or settle. A review of five closed claims involving glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and silver nitrate offers insight into how ophthalmologists ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(95)80031-x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of its uniqueness, the eye has long been a favored site for immunological study. It is a highly active tissue immunologically, with virtually all types of immune reactions present. This article reviews the ocular immune response, chorioretinal diseases with immunologic features, and immunology of ocular tumors...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(81)90155-7
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endophthalmitis is a serious complication of cataract surgery that occurs in thousands of patients each year. To decrease the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis, many surgeons inject intracameral antibiotics (cefuroxime, moxifloxacin, and vancomycin) routinely at the end of surgery. A large number of recently ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.04.006
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is common for healthy children with specific visual complaints to be seen for eye examinations. After a complete eye examination has ruled out pathologic conditions as the cause of these complaints, it is appropriate for the clinician to explore the possibility that normal entoptic or physiologic visual phenomena m...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00078-8
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leiomyoma of the ciliary body is a rare tumor that often causes a diagnostic dilemma. Sclerouvectomy has been found to be beneficial in the management of iris and ciliary body leiomyoma. We treated a case of leiomyoma of the ciliary body presenting as a fleshy mass in the anterior chamber, removed by partial lamellar ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00114-9
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 63-year-old man developed bilateral conjunctival injection and irritation followed by periocular discomfort and diplopia. Within weeks left proptosis and intermittent fever were noted. Orbital CT scan showed bilateral nodular enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the extraocul...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90087-2
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of the concept of blood-ocular barriers in the ophthalmic literature is briefly reviewed. Two main blood-ocular barriers are proposed: the blood-aqueous barrier and the blood-retinal barrier. The blood-aqueous barrier is formed by an epithelial barrier located in the nonpigmented layer of the ciliary ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90158-9
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The practical value of any therapy depends upon a combination of effectiveness of the agent (or procedure) and the extent to which the patient complies in its proper administration. Thus, it might be said that the multiple of effectiveness times compliance equals the "usefulness product." Among the various glaucoma th...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90236-4
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Statue of Freedom, which sits on top of the Capitol Dome in Washington, DC, was created by Thomas Crawford. At the peak of his career in 1856, while busy completing multiple commissions for the new Capitol extensions, he developed diplopia and consulted the leading oculists of the time in Paris, Drs. Desmarres and...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.11.003
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orbital aspergillosis is an uncommon but serious infection that may first present to the ophthalmologist. Usually arising from the paranasal sinuses, it may present in manifold ways within the orbit. Some presentations, such as optic nerve involvement, can respond to systemic corticosteroids, leading to delays in diag...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(96)80004-x
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to present the recent evidence linking the family of ubiquitous proteases called calpains (EC 3.4.22.17) to neuropathologies of the retina. The hypothesis being tested in such studies is that over-activation of calpains by elevated intracellular calcium contributes to retinal cell death p...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.12.006
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the most frequent cause of pediatric visual impairment in developed countries and is increasing in prevalence in developing nations. The most common underlying etiology is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, particularly in premature children. Other causes include seizures, hy...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.03.001
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a form of inherited night blindness. Over decades, various dubious treatment strategies that lacked sufficient theoretically sound underpinnings were explored. Initially they were enthusiastically promoted and subsequently discredited. It is apparent that many were predicated on the errone...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.04.002
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sixteen-year-old black male with congenital alacrima and deficient salivary secretion demonstrated evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The workup revealed elevated immunoglobulins and histologically normal lacrimal and salivary glands, but there was deposition of amyloid in the conjunctival stroma. The different...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(77)90091-1
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The court decisions included in this article reflect judicial attitudes towards medicolegal cases in most states. The courts have defined and amplified issues of informed consent, the physician's duty to warn patients and protect third parties, the limitations of the "Good Samaritan" statute, the responsibility of the...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90071-3
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00