Abstract：
:Posterior scleritis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of many ocular conditions, including angle closure glaucoma, choroidal folds, optic disk edema, circumscribed fundus mass, choroidal detachment, and exudative retinal detachment. Because it is rare, a high index of suspicion is necessary. Anterior scleritis, pain, or a history of collagen-vascular disease, when present, help to alert the clinician to the correct diagnosis. Posterior scleritis affects women more often than men, but annular ciliochoroidal effusion and choroidal folds are more common in men. Exudative macular detachment and a circumscribed fundus mass are more common in women. This paper reviews the world literature on posterior scleritis and describes findings in a series of 43 patients seen at Wills Eye Hospital. It stresses the clinical features and ancillary diagnostic tests that help to establish the diagnosis.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Benson WEdoi
10.1016/0039-6257(88)90093-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-03-01 00:00:00pages
297-316issue
5eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
0039-6257(88)90093-8journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 21 mm Hg, normal visual fields, normal optic discs, open angles, and the absence of any contributing ocular disease) occurs in 4-10% of the population over age 40. The question of whether to treat ocular hypertensive patients remains controversial. The...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(83)90136-4
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma is often characterized by decreased pressure-sensitive aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. This defect in pressure-sensitive aqueous outflow is evident from the low tonographic facility of outflow ("C") measured in many patients. The impairment in outflow facility causes the high intraocular pres...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00003-1
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Botulinum toxin has become the initial treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and other craniocervical dystonias. Numerous studies have confirmed a 90% to 95% response rate. Although a number of common side effects have been reported, the occurrence and incidence of rare lo...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(97)81995-9
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optic nerve hemangioblastoma is a rare tumor that is usually unilateral and most commonly occurs in the context of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Differential diagnosis is based on clinical history and imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement is the most useful imaging modality as it can reveal flow...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.10.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its inception in the late 1990s, corneal cross-linking has grown from an interesting concept to a primary treatment for corneal ectatic disease worldwide. Using a combination of ultraviolet-A light and a chromophore (vitamin B2, riboflavin), the cornea can be stiffened, usually with a single application, and pro...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coats'-like changes (i.e., retinal telangiectasia and/or exudative detachment) have been reported in as many as 1.2 to 3.6 percent of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. In severe cases this disorder may progress to total retinal detachment and visual loss in the context of longstanding retinitis pigmentosa. Forty-six...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(88)90094-x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of its uniqueness, the eye has long been a favored site for immunological study. It is a highly active tissue immunologically, with virtually all types of immune reactions present. This article reviews the ocular immune response, chorioretinal diseases with immunologic features, and immunology of ocular tumors...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(81)90155-7
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical blindness is an uncommon, but dramatic, complication of preeclampsia. We present a case in which diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging played a critical role in determining the etiology of the cortical blindness and its subsequent management. ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.08.008
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surgeons must decide on the type of anesthesia to use when performing cataract surgery. These "viewpoints" articles provide a well-balanced discussion offering the pros and cons of both topical anesthesia and retrobulbar/peribulbar injection. Dr. Dutton gives an overview of both techniques, focusing on relevant orbita...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(01)00246-6
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For 11 years, a 50-year-old woman with euthyroid Graves' disease experienced intermittent exacerbations of her orbitopathy associated with a decline in visual acuity. On each occasion, treatment with systemic corticosteroids led to prompt recovery of vision. Upon referral for consideration for orbital decompressive su...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(97)00094-5
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An analytical review of the data available in the field of phakic intraocular lens implantation was conducted. Particular attention was paid to the more critical issues of intraocular lens sizing and safety guidelines. A comprehensive, competitive analysis of different implantation sites, intraocular lens model design...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.08.011
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In treating periocular basal cell carcinoma the goal is to achieve the most complete eradication of affected tissue while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. In the first of these "Viewpoints" articles, Drs. Leshin and Yeatts discuss the success of Mohs' microsurgical technique (MMS) in both regards. Moreov...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(93)90101-c
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a patient with left eye positional transient visual obscurations, diplopia, a left afferent pupillary defect, and optic disk edema-all occurring during pregnancy. Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging revealed an orbital mass encasing the optic nerve and extending through the superior orbital fissure into t...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.01.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two short visual field tests were performed on 106 subjects approximately 5 minutes apart with or without a hand vibration stimulus between the field tests. There were 31 eyes in the control group (10 without glaucoma, eight glaucoma suspects, 10 with primary open-angle glaucoma, and three with secondary open-angle gl...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00051-x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corneal transplant surgeries have a broad range of indications with outcomes largely dependent on surgeon experience. Traditional manual techniques have certain limitations pertaining to the preparation of donor tissue and the recipient bed that might affect the predictability of visual outcomes. Use of lasers for ker...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.01.009
更新日期：2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular tissues, like those of other organs, exhibit limited morphologic reactions to trauma, i.e., hyperemia, abrupt vasodilation, increased blood flow; increased permeability of blood vessels, edema and increased tissue pressure (disrupted blood-ocular barrier); and later, a cellular inflammatory response. The cystoi...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(84)90236-4
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scleritis is typically a severe painful inflammatory process centered in the sclera that may involve the cornea, adjacent episclera, and underlying uvea; it poses a significant threat to vision. Careful clinical history taking, detailed ocular examination, appropriate investigation for ocular disease with or without u...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.04.001
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases, but its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains uncertain. We sought to review systematically the existing evidence to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels and AMD. A four-database search ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.07.003
更新日期：2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma, primarily a disease of the older population, may affect women of childbearing age. Pregnancy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP) of women with pre-existing glaucoma. Both elevations and reductions of IOP have been reported during pregnancy. Additionally, visual field test results may fluctuate during preg...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.11.008
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in immunology, particularly ocular immunology, have been accompanied by the emergence of safer, more specific immunosuppressive drugs, notably, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, bromocriptine, dapsone, and colchicine. These drugs have become an important, and often es...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(91)90186-j
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nonocular manifestations of parenteral drug abuse are presented to familiarize the ophthalmologist with this ever growing, medical and psychosocial problem. The ophthalmologist, like other primary care physicians, may be the first professional to encounter these patients whose substance abuse may lead to a wider s...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(86)90063-9
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in low tension glaucoma (LTG) has been investigated. The POBF was measured using the Ocular Blood Flow system of Langham in undisturbed eyes and repeated at IOP increments of about 5 and 10 mmHg in 20 patien...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(94)90064-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insertion of glaucoma drainage devices has become a mainstay in the surgical management of multiple forms of glaucoma, and the indications for this procedure continue to expand. A unique clinical challenge in the postoperative care of these devices is the hypertensive phase, a period of postoperative intraocular press...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are numerous unresolved issues and controversies regarding the management of open-globe injuries involving the posterior segment. These areas include, but are not limited to, the following issues. Although vitrectomy has been shown to improve visual outcomes and allow retention of the eye in many cases, the exte...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00104-6
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ocular posterior segment manifestations of AIDS may be divided into four categories: retinal vasculopathy, unusual malignancies, neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities, and opportunistic infections. Microvasculopathy is the most common manifestation. Opportunistic infections, particularly cytomegalovirus retinitis and...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.12.008
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a form of inherited night blindness. Over decades, various dubious treatment strategies that lacked sufficient theoretically sound underpinnings were explored. Initially they were enthusiastically promoted and subsequently discredited. It is apparent that many were predicated on the errone...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.04.002
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, noninvasive imaging technique that generates real-time volumetric data on chorioretinal vasculature and its flow pattern. With the advent of high-speed optical coherence tomography, established enface chorioretinal segmentation, and efficient algorithms, OCTA g...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.05.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison has been made between pars plana lansectomy and intracapsular cataract extraction Pars plana lensectomy has been shown to have many advantages. It is applicable to any age, while intracapsular cataract extraction is restricted to patients over 30 years old. It can be used in any type of cataract, whereas ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(82)90191-6
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraocular lens (IOL) confusions and errors are among the most common postoperative adverse events. Errors may occur at any stage from the decision to operate to the insertion of the IOL. The most common errors occur during IOL selection pre-operative preparation (anaesthesia given before recognition that the intende...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.12.003
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a feared complication of all types of intraocular surgery. Although rare, it is typically associated with severe visual disability, and this has prompted efforts to better understand the pathogenesis of this condition, to identify the patients at risk for this event, and to improve treatme...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00037-5
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
