Abstract:
:A core promoter element called an initiator (Inr) overlaps the transcription start site of numerous mammalian protein-coding genes. In promoters that lack a TATA box, the Inr is functionally analogous to TATA, in that it is capable of directing basal transcription by RNA polymerase II and of determining the precise site of transcription initiation. In promoters that contain a TATA box, the Inr can greatly enhance promoter strength. Mammalian Inr consensus sequences have been defined through functional studies and sequence comparisons of the start site regions of protein-coding genes. Here, we show that, in a DNase I footprinting assay with synthetic promoters, the purified TATA-binding protein complex TFIID specifically contacted the Inr. The TFIID-Inr interaction relies on the precise nucleotides needed for Inr function. Detection of the interaction was dependent either on a TATA box or on Sp1 bound to upstream sites. Furthermore, recombinant TFIIB appeared to influence the TFIID-Inr interaction, whereas TFIIA stabilized the TFIID-TATA interaction. These results demonstrate that distinct components of TFIID interact with the TATA boxes and Inr elements of core promoters for RNA polymerase II.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Kaufmann J,Smale STdoi
10.1101/gad.8.7.821subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-04-01 00:00:00pages
821-9issue
7eissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Unrepaired DNA lesions in the template strand block the replication fork. In yeast, Mec1 protein kinase-mediated replication checkpoint prevents the breakdown of replication forks and maintains viability in DNA-damaged cells going through the S phase. By ensuring that the replisome does not dissociate from the fork st...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1793409
更新日期:2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that has been shown to cleave mitochondrial primer RNA sequences from a variety of sources. Most of the RNase MRP activity is found in the nucleus where it plays a role in the processing of 5.8S rRNA. A temperature-conditional point mutation in the yeast RNA component ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.8.21.2617
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell growth and differentiation are usually antagonistic. Proteins of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family bind DNA and play important roles in the differentiation of specific cell types. Id proteins heterodimerize with bHLH transcription factors, blocking their activation of lineage-specific gene expression and t...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.8.11.1270
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::PIWI clade Argonaute proteins silence transposon expression in animal gonads. Their target specificity is defined by bound ∼23- to 30-nucleotide (nt) PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are processed from single-stranded precursor transcripts via two distinct pathways. Primary piRNAs are defined by the endonuclease Zu...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.267252.115
更新日期:2015-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered in metazoans and plants, and understanding of their biogenesis has advanced dramatically; however, relatively little is known about the cofactors necessary for miRNA regulation of target gene expression. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the conserved miRNA let-7 and its pa...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.17153811
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells do not all respond the same way, but the mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity are not well understood. Here, we found that expression of Hes1 and its downstream genes oscillate in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Those expressing low and high levels of Hes1 tended to differentiate into neural and mesode...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1823109
更新日期:2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclin B3 has been conserved during higher eukaryote evolution as evidenced by its identification in chicken, nematodes, and insects. We demonstrate that Cyclin B3 is present in addition to Cyclins A and B in mitotically proliferating cells and not detectable in endoreduplicating tissues of Drosophila embryos. Cyclin ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.23.3741
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most common microsatellites in eukaryotes consists of tandem arrays of the dinucleotide GT. Although the study of the instability of such repetitive DNA has been extremely fruitful over the last decade, no biological function has been demonstrated for these sequences. We investigated the genetic behavior of...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the zygotically active decapentaplegic (dpp) gene appears to function as a morphogen that specifies positional information in the dorsal half of the Drosophila embryo. The dorsal-specific transcription of dpp is the key step in establishing a morphogen gradient. We demonstrate here that multiple regions...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.4.694
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphogen gradients of secreted molecules play critical roles in the establishment of the spatial pattern of gene expression. During midgut development in Drosophila, secreted molecules of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) establish unique transcriptional regulation within target cells to specify the resultant c...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.17.2724
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual system is a powerful model for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits. Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, are together providing a great deal of understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three cross-fostering ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1101/gad.248245.114
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain kinase, CDK12, regulates genome stability, expression of DNA repair genes, and cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In addition to its role in mRNA biosynthesis of DNA repair genes, we show here that CDK12 phosphorylates the mRNA 5' cap-binding repr...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.322339.118
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor axons make synaptic connections with specific muscles, and this specificity unfolds during development as motoneuron growth cones make specific pathway choices and ultimately recognize and synapse on their specific muscle targets. The Drosophila clueless mutation was identified previously in a genetic screen for...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.9.23.2936
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a translation-dependent RNA quality control mechanism that occurs in the cytoplasm. However, it is unknown how NMD regulates the stability of RNAs translated at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we identify a localized NMD pathway dedicated to ER-translated mRNAs. We previously ide...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.338061.120
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects humans and causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from acute hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV genome contains multiple promoters with gene expression regulated predominantly by the cellular transcription initiation machinery. Accordingly, the HBV-encoded pX,...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.8.1217
更新日期:1998-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::H4K20 methylation is a broad chromatin modification that has been linked with diverse epigenetic functions. Several enzymes target H4K20 methylation, consistent with distinct mono-, di-, and trimethylation states controlling different biological outputs. To analyze the roles of H4K20 methylation states, we generated c...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.476008
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pax6 is a key transcription factor in eye development, particularly in lens development, but its molecular action has not been clarified. We demonstrate that Pax6 initiates lens development by forming a molecular complex with SOX2 on the lens-specific enhancer elements, e.g., the delta-crystallin minimal enhancer DC5....
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.887101
更新日期:2001-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The cooperation of oncogenes in the transformation of primary rat Schwann cells is a strikingly synergistic process. We have explored the molecular mechanisms involved. Activation of an inducible Raf kinase results in morphologically transformed cells that are arrested in G1 via the induction of p21(CiP1) and subseque...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.11.5.663
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our laboratory has been utilizing the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein LamB to study the mechanism of protein localization. Various lines of evidence suggest that, in addition to a signal sequence, regions within the mature protein are required for efficient localization. In particular, studies using LamB-LacZ ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1.2.185
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage activation by the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a critical component of the host innate response to bacterial pathogenesis. However, the precise nature of the IFN-gamma-induced activation pathway is not known. Here we show using genome-wide expression and chromatin-binding profili...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1553007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The POU transcription factor Oct-4 is expressed specifically in the germ line, pluripotent cells of the pregastrulation embryo and stem cell lines derived from the early embryo. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein secreted by cells of the preimplantation embryo and contains a GRGDS motif that can bind to specific integrin ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.13.2073
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are major downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway that influences tissue homeostasis, organ size, and cancer development. Aberrant hyperactivation of YAP/TAZ causes tissue overgrowth and tumorigenesis, whereas their inactivatio...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.262816.115
更新日期:2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the expression of the murine genes En-1,En-2, and in-1 during development by in situ hybridization. Expression of all three genes was first detected at 8.0 days in overlapping bands of the anterior neural folds. By 12.0 days the expression patterns diverged. En-1 and En-2 were expressed in a similar r...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.2.12b.1736
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The embryonic ectoderm in Drosophila displays a highly organized arrangement of specific structures along the dorsal-ventral axis. To establish this characteristic design, cells must receive instructive cues regarding their position. We present evidence that during stages 8-9 of embryonic development, the Drosophila E...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.10.1937
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatic cell clones often fail at a developmental stage coincident with commencement of differentiation. The transcription factor Oct4 is expressed during cleavage stages and is essential for the differentiation of the blastocyst. Oct4 expression becomes restricted to the inner cell mass and epiblast. After gastrulati...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.966002
更新日期:2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription factor IIA has been shown to interact with the TATA-binding protein and to act early during preinitiation complex formation. The human factor is composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma). A human cDNA clone encoding the largest subunit of TFIIA (alpha) was isolated. The recombinant alpha polypeptid...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.11.2246
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is a recently identified component of Ras-dependent signaling pathways. In this report, we show that murine KSR1 (mKSR1) cooperates with activated Ras to promote Xenopus oocyte maturation and cellular transformation and provide evidence that this cooperation occurs by accelerating mitoge...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.10.21.2684
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments in Xenopus have illustrated the importance of extracellular morphogens for embryonic gene regulation in vertebrates. Much less is known about how induction leads to the correct positioning of boundaries; for example, between germ layers. Here we report that the neuroectoderm/mesoderm boundary is controlled...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.409507
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::A transgenic mouse model for retinoblastoma was produced previously by directing SV40 T antigen expression to retinal photoreceptor cells using the promoter of the interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) gene. This gene becomes active prior to the terminal differentiation of photoreceptors. Because T antigen-trans...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.8.11.1300
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of telomerase-negative HAATI (heterochromatin amplification-mediated and telomerase-independent) cells, in which telomeres are superseded by nontelomeric heterochromatin tracts, challenged the idea that canonical telomeres are essential for chromosome linearity and raised crucial questions as to how...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.311712.118
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00