Abstract：
:During their differentiation, thymocytes are subjected to two rounds of selection. First, CD4-8- double-negative (DN) thymocytes with a functional TCR-beta chain express a alpha-beta+ CD3 complex on their surface and, as a consequence, are selected to mature to the CD4+8+ double-positive (DP) stage. This round ends after the initial proliferation of young DP thymocytes and is termed beta-chain selection. Second, DP thymocytes are selected on the basis of their alpha+beta+ CD3 complex. This is termed repertoire selection and the cells are given three choices: death by neglect selection, death by positive selection, or deletion by negative selection. Using anti-CD3 epsilon mAb as invariant ligand, signals for beta-chain selection of DN cells including proliferation of DP cells do not require a Ca2+ response, are independent of CD3 zeta, and are only slightly impaired in the absence of p56lck (lck). Signals that induce positive selection of DP thymocytes require a partial Ca2+ response and CD3 zeta but are independent of lck. Deletion of DP thymocytes requires a full-blown Ca2+ response and both, CD3 zeta and lck. Thymic selection thus appears to be governed by a gradient of signal intensities.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Eichmann Kdoi
10.1016/0165-2478(94)00197-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
87-90issue
2-3eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
0165-2478(94)00197-Yjournal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many types of cells in the immune system have been found to produce nitric oxide (NO), which performs multiplex functions. However, in myelin basic protein peptide 68-86 (MBP 68-86)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, we found that elevated NO production was generated from spleen cel...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00154-1
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question is still unresolved whether in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes T-lymphocytes mediate an autoimmune response towards pancreatic islets. We now present direct evidence in an animal model for autoimmune T-lymphocytes with specificity for islet antigens. Mice of strain C57BL/6 were immunized repeatedly wi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90090-2
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence-comparison indicates existing sequence-similarity between receptor-binding regions of human type 1 IFNs (IFN-alpha, -beta and -omega) and HIV-1 gp41. Previous findings had suggested that the increased levels of antibodies against human IFN-alpha and -beta in HIV-1-infected individuals are associated with a co...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00098-x
更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple antigen peptides (MAP), consisting of a number of peptide copies synthesized on a branching lysyl core, offer a novel approach for rendering small peptides immunoreactive in solid-phase immunoassays. An octameric MAP, carrying 6 repeats of the sequence -N-A-A-G-, tandem repeated in the immunodominant region o...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90092-o
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To study the pathogenic importance of the rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify genes differentially expressed in patients and healthy individuals, total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from eight RF-positive and six RF-negative RA patients, and s...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2004.03.018
更新日期：2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloned human T-cell lines were produced by limiting dilution of lymphocytes alloactivated in mixed leukocyte cultures, followed by expansion of clonal progeny with interleukin 2. Selected clones were analyzed for cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CTX) against a variety of targets susceptible or resistant to lytic attack by ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(82)90044-x
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments with malaria in mice suggest that protective immunity depends not only on antibody but also on activation of macrophages. Activated macrophages may cause intra-erythrocytic death of parasites by releasing reactive oxygen intermediates and/or tumour necrosis factor. Macrophage activation for both types of p...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90173-7
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the 3' end of nucleotide sequence of human adult T-cell leukaemia virus (ATLV) four small open frames in various phases were found previously. The frames code for 10,000-, 11,000-, 12,000- and 27,000-dalton polypeptides, one of which can be responsible for virus transforming activity. By means of methods of pre...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(87)90093-9
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As such, it signals monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils to up-regulate phagocytic functions and to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the established role of CD14 as the main LPS receptor, the precise nature of t...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2004.07.019
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The T cell receptor of gamma delta is normally expressed on a small percentage of peripheral lymphocytes. Although the role of gamma delta T cells in the physiologic immune response is still unknown, there is accumulating evidence that gamma delta T cells may participate in the immune response to mycobacterial and oth...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90105-y
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rH GM-CSF) on respiratory burst response of isolated human neutrophils was examined. Preincubation of cells with rH GM-CSF significantly increased the respiratory burst in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), meas...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(93)90114-h
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV-1 positive patients generate Nef-specific CTL response, indicating that Nef is a potent immunogen. However, Nef is also known to down regulate the expression of CD4 and MHC-I molecules, thereby protecting virally infected target cells. We compared the immunogenicity of non-functional nef vaccine constructs to wild...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00141-x
更新日期：2003-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Silicosis is clinically characterized not only by respiratory disorders but by immunological abnormalities such as the appearance of autoantibodies and complications of autoimmune diseases. Dysregulation of apoptosis, particularly in the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway, has been considered to play a role in the pathogen...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00177-2
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress stimuli affect the immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes, particularly IgA secretion. It has been suggested that acute stress increases the levels of IgA and that sympathetic innervation plays an important role in this process. We herein explore in a murine model how acute stress affects the T...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.016
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymocyte development requires an integration of extracellular cues to enforce lineage commitment at multiple defined checkpoints in a stage-specific manner. Critical signals from the pre-TCR, Notch, and the receptor for interleukin-7 (IL-7) dictate cellular differentiation from the CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative) stag...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2007.12.008
更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum obtained from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi have antibodies able to induce immune lysis in presence of complement. Gel filtration in Sephadex G-200 and affinity chromatography with rabbit anti-mouse IgG and protein A-Sepharose showed that the antibodies responsible for the immune serum lytic activity are ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90040-8
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are very important for the generation of long lasting immune responses against pathogens or the induction of anti-tumor responses. Targeting antigen to dendritic cells via monoclonal antibodies specific for DC cell surface receptors such as DEC205 was shown to elicit potent cellular and humoral i...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2010.06.002
更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody-dependent and spontaneous lymphocytotoxicity of blood mononuclear cells from 15 patients with chronic renal failure was studied in allogeneic K-562 and xenogeneic chicken erythrocyte test systems. Both antibody-dependent and spontaneous cytotoxic activities were significantly decreased in uremic patients as c...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(81)90003-1
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a very common disease in developing countries that seriously affects human health. Diagnosis can only be confirmed with the aid of computerized tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) creating obvious difficulties for epidemiological studies. Reliable immunoassays employ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00166-2
更新日期：2000-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have only recently been recognized as a separate entity of the lymphoid lineage. Their subpopulations share common characteristics in terms of early development and major transcriptional circuitry with their related cousins of the T cell world. It is currently hypothesized that ILCs constit...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.004
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can often lead to many life-threatening diseases. It has the ability to invade normal endovascular tissue. Acute inflammation and its resolution are important to ensure bacterial clearance and limit tissue injury. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.010
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood coagulation and inflammation pathways are linked in many aspects. A number of serum factors involved in coagulation cascades affect directly or indirectly inflammatory responses, whereas proinflammatory cytokines influence blood coagulation pathways. In this work we demonstrated that thrombin is an effective sti...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00015-2
更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Liposome-encapsulated conalbumin (L(conalbumin)) is an antigen that is efficiently phagocytosed by bone marrow-derived macrophages and presented to effector cells as part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complex. In this report, we show that the conalbumin component of L(conalbumin) is degraded to...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00206-6
更新日期：2000-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to replicate in the cytoplasm of primary resident macrophages, but is killed by activated macrophages. Pretreatment of human macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma and to a lesser extent with TNF-alpha, induced a significant trypanocidal activity. Furthermore, TNF-alpha...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(92)90090-b
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell-surface glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) bind to processed foreign antigens and present them to T lymphocytes. Two classes of MHC molecules and their corresponding gene sequences have been extensively studied in eutherian mammals and birds, but data on the marsupial MHC are ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00314-x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the immunomodulator Protein A (PA) (from Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I strain) in the control of leishmanial infection was studied in experimental animals. Treatment of Leishmania donovani infected hamsters with PA led to a moderate level of reduction of parasite load in their spleen (68%) and liver (46%)...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00102-3
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spontaneous migration in vitro, production of T cell migration inhibitory factor (TIF) and the response to TIF of OKT4+ and OKT8+ human T cell subsets were studied. The OKT4+ lymphocytes migrated far better than the OKT8+ cells although the movement of both subsets was comparably inhibited by TIF. The OKT8+ subset...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(86)90122-7
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For more than two decades, chloroquine (CQ) was largely and deliberately used as first choice drug for malaria treatment. However, worldwide increasing cases of resistant strains of Plasmodium have hampered its use. Nevertheless, CQ has recently been tested as adjunct therapy in several inflammatory situations, such a...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.004
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phagocytosis of latex beads by peritoneal macrophages was examined by means of flow cytometry (FCM). This assay revealed that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) suppressed phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. ACTH (1-24) was more suppressive than ACTH (1-39). Control phagocytosis was partially suppressed in Ca(2+)...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90080-9
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related changes of different individuals multicentric and polymorphic. We have approached this problem of age-related changes by examining (1) membrane densities of receptors of various ligands in different organs, and (2) changes in different classes of T cells and of antibody response. Three strategies have been...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(87)90147-7
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
