Abstract：
:Thymocyte development requires an integration of extracellular cues to enforce lineage commitment at multiple defined checkpoints in a stage-specific manner. Critical signals from the pre-TCR, Notch, and the receptor for interleukin-7 (IL-7) dictate cellular differentiation from the CD4(-)CD8(-) (double negative) stage to the CD4+CD8+ (double positive) stage. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is required to translate these extracellular signaling events into multiple functional outcomes including cellular survival, proliferation, differentiation, and allelic exclusion at the beta-selection checkpoint. However, a complete understanding of the contributions made by the PI3K/Akt pathway in thymocyte development has not been straightforward. This review highlights studies that support the model that the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential for thymocyte survival. We provide new evidence that Akt-mediated survival is not solely due to the increased expression of Bcl-xL but also is a consequence of the role played by Akt to support metabolism in proliferating thymocytes.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Juntilla MM,Koretzky GAdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2007.12.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-15 00:00:00pages
104-10issue
2eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(07)00353-7journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals display a rapid loss of CD4+ lymphocytes with fast progression towards overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a small proportion of individuals infected by HIV-1 remain immunologically intact for many years. In order to i...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02550-3
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoglobulin species, recombined from Fab and Fc fragments with anti-red cell specificity were used as cytophilic antibodies in studies of triggering the effector activity of immunoglobulins. Recombinant immunoglobulins containing a single Fab' appeared inactive in binding to cell receptors and triggering antibody d...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(84)90046-4
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV-1 positive patients generate Nef-specific CTL response, indicating that Nef is a potent immunogen. However, Nef is also known to down regulate the expression of CD4 and MHC-I molecules, thereby protecting virally infected target cells. We compared the immunogenicity of non-functional nef vaccine constructs to wild...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00141-x
更新日期：2003-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are common skin inflammatory conditions. B and T cells are strongly implicated in allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) conditions. Activation of IgD B-cell receptor (BCR) by anti-IgD stimulation depletes mature B cells and modulates T-helper cell type 1/2...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.008
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Considering the role of interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-9-producing Th9 cells in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, this study aimed to evaluate serum IL-9 levels in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) compared to healthy subjects and to assess whether there is an association between serum IL-9 levels and dise...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.05.007
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported the production of a series of human monoclonal antibodies reacting with mouse mammary tumor viral antigens as well as the human counterpart HuMTV antigen. Against two of these antibodies (B11 and 4.6/6), anti-idiotypic antibodies were generated, which appeared to be the internal image of vi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90128-w
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiogenic and poorly angiogenic tumor variants were obtained by an intraperitoneal inoculation of cells from clones of polyoma-virus transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells into syngeneic mice. The angiogenic tumor cells expressed a higher tumorigenicity phenotype and a higher capacity to produce artificial pulmonary metastases...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(96)02675-2
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protective immunity against Salmonella infection is known to require CD4 Th1 cells and B cells, but the role of MHC class-I-restricted CD8 T cells is less clear. Previous studies have suggested that CD8 T cells participate in secondary, but not primary, bacterial clearance. However, these studies have used experimenta...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2012.10.009
更新日期：2012-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Work on mast cells and basophils began with their identification by Paul Ehrlich at the end of the 19th century. Mast cells and basophils were immediately perceived as closely linked cells and early nomenclature formulated by Ehrlich himself, i.e., tissue "Mastzellen" and blood "Mastzellen", reflected this unifying vi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.008
更新日期：2011-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Integrin αvβ6 can convert the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β precursor to the mature form. Resiquimod (R848) can generate TGF-β-producing regulatory T cells (Treg). Thus, to concurrent administration of specific antigen and R848 may generate antigen-specific Tregs, that is expected to restore immune tole...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.011
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the interactions between Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, we examined CT serologies in sequential serum samples of male homosexuals (MHS), followed over a mean period of 4 years. Of the MHS studied, 77 were HIV(-), 18 were HIV(+) and 10 patients seroconverted durin...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90201-1
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assessment strategy for implementation of the Union of European Medical Specialists' (UEMS) Immunology curriculum is based on a combination of formative and summative assessments. The strategy comprises a combination of workplace-based assessments and knowledge-based assessments designed to ensure acquisition of k...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2009.05.010
更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Phagolysis of apoptotic eosinophils plays an important role in the successful resolution of asthmatic inflammation. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to investigate whether annexin I is involved in the dexamethasone-mediated enhancement of phagolysis of apoptotic eosinophils by A549 cell...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.002
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Crosslinking of the B-cell receptor (BCR) for antigen to low-affinity receptors for IgG (Fc gamma RII) inhibits B-cell activation induced by BCR aggregation. The cell-triggering properties of the BCR depend on tyrosine-containing activation motifs (TAM), in the intracytoplasmic domain of its Ig alpha and Ig beta subun...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)00202-3
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis markers and the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis were followed in the peripheral blood of HIV infected persons at various stages of disease. Our study suggests that the early increase in memory cells following therapy may also be due to a significant decrease in apoptosis in this subset. The intrinsic resistance...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00167-9
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of protein antigens into earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia foetida induces the formation of antigen-binding protein (ABP) with the maximum response occurring between days 4 and 8. High proteolytic activities observed both in coelomocytes and in coelomic fluids cause rapid antigen degradati...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90145-7
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing β cells. Research into the pathogenesis of T1D has been hindered by the lack of detection of the autoimmune process during the asymptomatic period and by the inaccessibility to the target tissue. Therefore curre...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2010.08.001
更新日期：2010-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and Guest Editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2009.09.015
更新日期：2009-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Good Syndrome is a rare clinical entity first described as the conjunction of thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, and more recently depicted as a complex disease integrating a medical history of thymoma with humoral immunodeficiency (more accurately stated: hypogammaglobulinemia) with or without cellular immunodeficien...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.010
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Differentiation between a non-infective and an infective Leishmania promastigote population was demonstrated. Promastigotes in the stationary phase (day 5) were found to be highly infective in vitro to BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages, compared with those of the logarithmic phase (day 3). The infective promastigote...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90114-2
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phenomenon of virus neutralization is a function of three variables: the antibody (Ab), the virus and the target cell. Variation in any one of these parameters may drastically affect the results of assays for neutralization. In focusing on the virus as a variable in assays for the neutralization of HIV-1, it has b...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(96)02560-6
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisera were raised in rabbits against a monoclonal antibody (McAb 103) of C3H.SW origin which is specific to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L and was shown to express the major idiotypic determinants of conventional anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies. Antibodies were purified and were shown in a binding assay to recognize...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90130-0
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a lymphocyte growth factor capable of inducing the rapid growth of antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms of IL 2 action, we studied the synthesis of cellular polypeptides induced by IL 2. For a homogeneous cell population responsive to IL 2, we used a mu...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(85)90115-4
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells recognize with a single receptor both a product of antigens processed by antigen presenting cells (APC1) and a self-marker molecule, encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, a property termed MHC-restricted recognition of antigen). During their differentiation in the thymus, T cells "learn" what t...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90040-w
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF)/human thioredoxin (TRX) has thiol-dependent reducing activities and is known to have regulatory roles on the DNA-protein interaction and cell activation. Inducive effect of ultraviolet (UV) has been indicated because of the enhanced expression of ADF/TRX in epidermal cells of...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(95)00213-o
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress stimuli affect the immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes, particularly IgA secretion. It has been suggested that acute stress increases the levels of IgA and that sympathetic innervation plays an important role in this process. We herein explore in a murine model how acute stress affects the T...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.016
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled rapid and efficient evaluation of the mutational landscape of cancers. As a result, many cancer-specific neoantigens, which can generate antitumor cytotoxic T-cells inside tumors, have been identified. Previously, we reported a metastatic melanoma case with hi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.004
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known medication, primarily used as a mucolytic agent in pulmonary disease. Recently, we have found that NAC possesses antipyretic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which NAC attenuates fever. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-10 and pr...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has increased in many countries and there has been speculation that immunization promotes allergic sensitization. Bordetella pertussis infection exacerbates allergic asthmatic responses. We investigated whether whole-cell pertussis vaccine (Pw) enhanced or prevented B. per...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.011
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the autocrine regulation of essential expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on 8 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines (histopathological grades 1-3). The constitutive expression of ICAM-1 was regulated by soluble factors in an autocrine fashion. These factors were produce...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)90182-1
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
