Abstract:
:For more than two decades, chloroquine (CQ) was largely and deliberately used as first choice drug for malaria treatment. However, worldwide increasing cases of resistant strains of Plasmodium have hampered its use. Nevertheless, CQ has recently been tested as adjunct therapy in several inflammatory situations, such as rheumatoid arthritis and transplantation procedures, presenting intriguing and promising results. In this review, we discuss recent findings and CQ mechanisms of action vis-à-vis its use as a broad adjunct therapy.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Thomé R,Lopes SC,Costa FT,Verinaud Ldoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
50-7issue
1-2eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(13)00096-5journal_volume
153pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The expression level of complement regulators in ovarian and corpus uteri tumors was not fully established so far. In current manuscript we performed gene expression analysis by the real-time PCR approach to investigate both membrane bound - CD55 and CD59 and fluid phase - factor H and factor H-like 1 complement regul...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.017
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that culture supernatants of LPS-stimulated murine splenic B lymphocytes (BLPSSN) are able to inhibit the growth of freshly isolated B cells via an IgM antibody. In this work we investigated the progress of LPS-activated B lymphocytes through the cell cycle in the presence of this an...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(92)90070-5
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. However, the effect of IL-35 on human asthma remains unclear. The present study is to investigate the expression and significance of IL-35 in childhood asthma. Forty-one asthmati...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.002
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several immunodominant B-cell epitopes of the P. falciparum antigen blood stage Pf155/RESA, a major vaccine candidate antigen, are located in the molecular regions containing amino acid repeats. We started to map Pf155/RESA for T cell reactive epitopes. For this purpose, short synthetic peptides corresponding to the 3...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(88)90147-2
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of inhibition of basic peptide-induced rat mast cell secretion are reported. Pretreatment of rat peritoneal mast cells with Vibrio comma neuraminidase, an enzyme which cleaves sialic acid from oligosaccharides, led to inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine release induced by the basic peptides polylysine, cortico...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(82)90134-1
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As shown earlier, the cells transformed in vitro by several different oncogenes, or spontaneously, during in vivo growth in normal hosts would be gradually replaced by the highly-tumorigenic descendants co-expressing high H2O2-catabolizing and PGE2-releasing activities. Acquisition of (H2O2(CA) + PGE(S)) phenotype pro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00123-6
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized in human body. This enzyme promotes immune system function and can be used as a dietary supplement. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease leading to chronic joint inflammation. RA results in severe destruction of cartilage and disability. Thi...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.012
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been considered before that human naive and memory/effector CD4+ T-cells cannot be subdivided solely according to the differential expression of CD45 isoforms. By the lack of expression of CD31 we have identified a subset of CD4+ CD45RA+ CD31- cells which show distinct features of antigen-experienced Th1 cells....
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00056-4
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to replicate in the cytoplasm of primary resident macrophages, but is killed by activated macrophages. Pretreatment of human macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma and to a lesser extent with TNF-alpha, induced a significant trypanocidal activity. Furthermore, TNF-alpha...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(92)90090-b
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coelomic fluid from the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris is known to contain immunoactive cells and molecules involved in immune defense. To assess the ability of such molecules to form precipitating complexes with anti-human immunoglobulins, radial immunodiffusion experiments were conducted. Anti-human IgG, anti-human ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(93)90081-c
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A direct correlation between the constitutive expression of IL-1 alpha and reduced tumorigenicity of fibrosarcomas was observed. This was established in fibrosarcoma cell lines which produce IL-1 alpha 'spontaneously', possibly as an aberration of oncogene-mediated transformation or upon IL-1 alpha gene transfer. In f...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(93)90163-v
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of virus neutralization is a function of three variables: the antibody (Ab), the virus and the target cell. Variation in any one of these parameters may drastically affect the results of assays for neutralization. In focusing on the virus as a variable in assays for the neutralization of HIV-1, it has b...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(96)02560-6
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammation that affects the large vessels; however, its etiology is still unknown. Human serum paraoxonase hydrolyzes oxidized lipids into low-density lipoproteins and could therefore be associated with the prevalence of inflammation processes. Therefore, the purpose ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2013.04.005
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatic fever (RF) and chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are complications of oropharyngeal infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Despite the importance of the complement system against infections and autoimmunity diseases, studies on the role of the lectin pathway in RF and RHD are scarce. Thus, our aim w...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.006
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse spleen cells were activated with IL2 for 4 days in the presence or absence of paraformaldehyde fixed YAC (PFY) tumor cells (spleen cell: PFY ratio 100:1). Fresh spleen cells had poor expression of Ly49A but the expression was significantly upregulated by IL2 activation. Addition of PFYs resulted in a further boo...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00206-1
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mature B cells express a single immunoglobulin Fc receptor, FcgammaRIIB, that functions to block downstream signaling by co-aggregated antigen receptors. Co-aggregation of receptors is essential because BCR activated kinases must phosphorylate FcgammaRIIB to recruit SHIP and mediate inhibitory signals. Pre-B cells als...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2003.11.028
更新日期:2004-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D (vitD) is involved in important regulatory functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. So, it has been hypothesized that vitD might influence the course of atopic dermatitis (AD). Also obesity may have impact on immune system. The aim of our study was to investigate vitamin D status and bod...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin basic protein (MBP), is a major component of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin. MBP can stimulate T cells that migrate into the CNS, initiating a cascade of events that result in perivascular infiltration and demyelination. EAE is an inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disease of the CNS that serves...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00089-9
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linoleic and arachidonic acid concentrations in neutrophils from rats maintained on a diet with only 0.3% of the energy content as essential fatty acid (EFA, EFAD group) were reduced by 70 +/- 2.2% and 34.8 +/- 5.2%, respectively, compared with controls fed a diet with a normal 3% EFA content. Neutrophil chemiluminesc...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(86)90053-2
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incorporation of [3h]thymidine ([3H]TdR) into concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine splenocytes was found to be enhanced by addition of certain concentrations of ethanol, 2-propanol and acetone. The alcohol/acetone-induced enhancement of the Con A response was found to be accompanied by an increase of the percentag...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(82)90057-8
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell-surface glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) bind to processed foreign antigens and present them to T lymphocytes. Two classes of MHC molecules and their corresponding gene sequences have been extensively studied in eutherian mammals and birds, but data on the marsupial MHC are ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00314-x
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HLA class II molecules play pivotal roles in antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. We investigated signaling via HLA-DR molecules expressed on CD4+ T cells. When HLA-DR or CD3 molecules on cloned CD4+ T cells were cross-linked by solid-phase mAbs, T cells proliferated, and this resulted in anergy. Whereas cross-linkin...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00341-8
更新日期:2002-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin (IL) 4 is a type 2 cytokine which has a negative immunoregulatory role in human infection. IL-4 suppresses the production of interferon-gamma and enhances IL-10 synthesis. However, the effect of IL-4 on proliferative response of lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. We have previously reported an increase ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(95)02440-9
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria vaccine development has traditionally concentrated on careful molecular, biochemical, and immunological characterisation of candidate antigens. In contrast, evidence of the importance of identified antigens in immunity to human infection and disease has generally been limited to statistically significant co-va...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00159-1
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here that Trichosanthin (Tk), a primary active component isolated from a Chinese traditional medicinal herb, Trichosanthes kirilowii, potently inhibits lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro. We found that Tk treatment increased production of the interleukins IL-4 and IL-10, while production of IL-2 and ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2007.03.008
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Complement factor I (CFI) deficiency is typically associated to recurrent infections with encapsulated microorganisms and, less commonly, to autoimmunity. We report a 53-years old male who, in a routine control for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, presented a flat beta-2 fraction at the capillary protein electropher...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.011
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD24 is an extensively glycosylated membrane protein that is linked to the membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. In mice, CD24 is expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD24-/- mice do not have gross immunological defects, but detailed analysis revealed strongly reduced responses ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.004
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic functions of the immune system are protection from pathogens and maintenance of tolerance to self. The maintenance of commensal microbiota at mucosal surfaces adds a layer of complexity to these basic functions. Recent reports suggest follicular helper T cells (Tfh), a CD4(+) T cell subset specialized to pro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.015
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of cell types may be involved in the regulation of IgA secretion at the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are known to have the capacity to secrete several cytokines which may exert an important regulatory effect on local immunoglobulin secretion by mucosal B cells. In this study, we have ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00112-6
更新日期:1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the cellular responses of guinea-pig macrophages to human C4a. C4a induced a biphasic Ca2+ mobilization; a rapid temporary Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular Ca2+ pool followed by a weak Ca2+ influx of extracellular Ca2+. Although the C4a-treated macrophages did not respond again to C4a, that is...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(93)90104-a
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00