Abstract:
:The DNA of eukaryotic cells is organized in a complex with proteins, either as interphase chromatin or mitotic chromosomes. Nucleosomes, the structural subunits of chromatin, have long been considered as static structures, incompatible with processes occurring in chromatin. During the past few years it has become evident that the histone part of the nucleosome has important regulatory functions. Some of these functions are mediated by the N-terminal core histone domains which contain sites for posttranslational modifications, among them lysine residues for reversible acetylation. Recent results indicate that acetylation and deacetylation of N-terminal lysines of nucleosomal core histones represent a means of molecular communication between chromatin and the cellular signal transduction network, resulting in heritable epigenetic information. Data on enzymes involved in acetylation and the pattern of acetylated lysine sites on chromosomes, as well as genetic data on yeast transcriptional repression, suggest that acetylation may lead to structural transitions as well as specific signalling within distinct chromatin domains.
journal_name
Chromosomajournal_title
Chromosomaauthors
Loidl Pdoi
10.1007/BF00337382subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-01 00:00:00pages
441-9issue
7eissn
0009-5915issn
1432-0886journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
CHROMOSOMA文献大全abstract::Quinacrine (Q-band) and centromeric heterochromatin (C-band) patterns of metaphase chromosomes of two subspecies of Mus musculus were compared. M.m. musculus (the laboratory mouse) and M.m. molossinus (a subspecies from Southeast Asia) had similar Q-band patterns along the length of the chromosomes, but differences we...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00294081
更新日期:1975-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, paternal and maternal pronuclei undergo profound chromatin reorganisation upon fertilisation. How these events are orchestrated within centromeric regions to ensure proper chromosome segregation in the following cellular divisions is unknown. In this study, we followed the dynamic unfolding of the centrome...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-007-0106-8
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degene...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-006-0086-0
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA coding for 28 S and 18 S ribosomal RNA, including the spacer regions, has been isolated from calf (Bos taurus) thymus gland. The method used included shearing of the total DNA to a highly homogeneous size population, selective heat denaturation and S1 nuclease treatment to remove single stranded DNA. Repeated ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00293439
更新日期:1976-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomal replication was studied by means of the BrdU-Höchst-Giemsa-technique in three minute T-cell leukemias with special regard to chromosome 15. In all the three leukemic cell lines the normally early replicating band 15 E was undetectable whereas late replication in this region is completely unaltered. Further...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00288676
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the shortening of a copy-number polymorphic array of 3.3 kb repeats (D4Z4) at one allelic 4q35.2 region. How this contraction of a subtelomeric tandem array causes FSHD is unknown but indirect evidence suggests that a short array has a cis effect on a distant ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-004-0280-x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ki-67 protein has been widely used as a proliferation marker for human tumor cells for decades. In recent studies, multiple molecular functions of this large protein have become better understood. Ki-67 has roles in both interphase and mitotic cells, and its cellular distribution dramatically changes during cell cycle...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-018-0659-8
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution patterns of chromosomal proteins from Drosophila can be observed by immunofluorescent staining of the polytene chromosomes from larval salivary glands. We have purified a non-histone chromosomal protein of Mr = 69,000 molecular weight which has a high affinity for DNA with little sequence specificity....
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00285889
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblast chromosomes of 16 Drosophila melanogaster laboratory stocks (15 wild type and 1 carrying the mutant vermillion) were carefully analyzed for Q-banding patterns and morphological characteristics, in all the mitotic phases. Two forms of intraspecific heterochromatin variations, involving three types of chromos...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399131
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the diameter of chromatin fibres embedded in epoxy resins for three different materials: mouse thymus, chicken erythrocytes and sea cucumber spermatozoa. We confirm that the diameter of chromatin fibres increases with linker length, both values being influenced by the protein composition of chromatin. ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00293338
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::cDNA, copied from nuclear RNA isolated from heat shocked Drosophila hydei cells, has been cloned. From this collection of clones a clone, N09-15, with a 450 bp insert has been isolated that hybridizes in situ to the heat shock locus-2-48B of Drosophila hydei. The N09-15 sequence is present in two different genomic arr...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00294968
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone modifications regulate key processes of eukaryotic genomes. Misregulation of the enzymes that place these modifications can lead to disease. An example of this is DOT1L, the enzyme that can mono-, di-, and trimethylate the nucleosome core on lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79). DOT1L plays a role in development an...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0570-5
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA of Stylonychia mytilus were analyzed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The molecular weight of rRNA precursor molecules is within a range of 2.1 x 10(6) daltons. A comparison between the electrophoretic pattern of nuclear non-ribosomal RNA and cytoplasmic mRNA indicates that a considerable...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00286790
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic sequencing reveals similar but limited numbers of protein-coding genes in different genomes, which begs the question of how organismal diversities are generated. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing, a widespread phenomenon in higher eukaryotic genomes, is thought to provide a mechanism to increase the complexity of ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-013-0407-z
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, X-inactivation process is achieved by the cis-spreading of long noncoding Xist RNA over one of the female X chromosomes. The Xist binding accumulates histones H3 methylation and H4 hypoacetylation required for X inactivation that leads to proper dosage compensation of the X-linked genes. Co-transcription o...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-014-0495-4
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), especially chromosome painting, has been extensively exploited in the phylogenetic reconstruction of primate evolution. Although chromosome painting is a key method to map translocations, it is not effective in detecting chromosome inversions, which may be up to four times mo...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0565-2
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomeric DNA is present at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and is bound by telomere "capping" proteins, which are the (Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1) CST complex, Ku (Yku70-Yku80), and Rap1-Rif1-Rif2 in budding yeast. Inactivation of any of these complexes causes telomere "uncapping," stimulating a DNA damage response (DDR) tha...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-011-0357-2
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the structure of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere cen3 using direct genomic mapping and cosmid walking. The repetitive region of cen3 is approximately 110 kb, much longer than that of the previously determined cen1 and cen2 regions. The approximately 30 kb long left and approximately 60 kb right ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00365153
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most multicellular eukaryotes, synapsis [synaptonemal complex (SC) formation] between pairs of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis is closely linked with crossing over. Asynaptic mutants in plants have reduced synapsis and increased univalent frequency, often resulting in genetically unbalanced game...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-012-0363-z
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sex chromosomes in Sauropsida (reptiles and birds) have evolved independently many times. They show astonishing diversity in morphology ranging from cryptic to highly differentiated sex chromosomes with male (XX/XY) and female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW). Comparing such diverse sex chromosome systems thus provides unpara...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0531-z
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to th...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00331828
更新日期:1976-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Among his many contributions to the field of chromosome structure and dynamics, J. Herbert Taylor showed that eukaryotic cells have many more potential replication origins than they use, which they can recruit when replication forks are slowed to complete S-phase in a timely fashion. Thirty years later, his findings r...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-007-0105-9
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic regulation of higher-order chromatin structure controls gene expression and the assembly of chromosomal domains during cell division, differentiation, and development. The proposed "histone code" integrates a complex system of histone modifications and chromosomal proteins that establish and maintain distin...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00412-005-0001-0
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macronuclear DNA was isolated from purified macronuclei of Paramecium aurelia and the size distribution was determined with regard to growth phase and method of extraction. DNA molecules as long as 105 microns and as short as 0.2 microns were observed. It was concluded that the method of extraction affected the observ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00329171
更新日期:1975-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of quinacrine and protein sulphur has been compared with that of DNA in euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of mouse chromosomes stained with the fluorescent dye quinacrine, using X-ray microanalysis. Heterochromatin tends to bind relatively more quinacrine than euchromatin, and contains a greater...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00294059
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome paints of the rat kangaroo ( Aepyprymnus rufuscens, 2 n=32) were used to define chromosome regions in the long nosed potoroo ( Potorous tridactylus, 2 n=12 female, 13 male) karyotype and localize these regions in three-dimensionally preserved nuclei of the potoroo to test the hypothesis that marsupial chrom...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-003-0246-4
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dioecious plant Silene latifolia has large, heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes that are thought to be derived from rearrangements of autosomes. To reveal the origin of the sex chromosomes in S. latifolia, we isolated and characterized telomere-homologous sequences from intra-chromosomal regions (interstitial te...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-002-0213-5
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitomycin C-induced sister chromatic exchange and quadriradial formation were studied in chromosomes from Muntiacus muntjac fibroblasts and A9, a transformed mouse cell line. We present the first direct cytological evidence for the induction of true somatic recombination involving homologous chromosomes. Analysis of t...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00293724
更新日期:1976-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Coilin, a molecular marker for Cajal bodies (CBs), is a phosphoprotein that contains a cryptic nucleolar localization signal and multiple interacting domains, such as the RG-box. Post-translational symmetrical dimethylation of arginines on the coilin RG-box is required for the recruitment of the survival motor neuron ...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-010-0276-7
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heterochromatin of chromosomes 2 and 3 of Drosophila melanogaster contains about 30 essential genes defined by genetic analysis. In the last decade only a few of these genes have been molecularly characterized and found to correspond to protein-coding genes involved in important cellular functions. Moreover, sever...
journal_title:Chromosoma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00412-003-0241-9
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00