Abstract：
:High cadmium exposure is known to cause bone damage, but the association between low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis remains to be clarified. Using a population-based women's health survey in southern Sweden [Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) ] with no known historical cadmium contamination, we investigated cadmium-related effects on bone in 820 women (53-64 years of age) . We measured cadmium in blood and urine and lead in blood, an array of markers of bone metabolism, and forearm bone mineral density (BMD) . Associations were evaluated in multiple linear regression analysis including information on the possible confounders or effect modifiers: weight, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, smoking history, and physical activity. Median urinary cadmium was 0.52 microg/L adjusted to density (0.67 microg/g creatinine) . After multivariate adjustment, BMD, parathyroid hormone, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) were adversely associated with concentrations of urinary cadmium (p < 0.05) in all subjects. These associations persisted in the group of never-smokers, which had the lowest cadmium exposure (mainly dietary) . For U-DPD, there was a significant interaction between cadmium and menopause (p = 0.022) . Our results suggest negative effects of low-level cadmium exposure on bone, possibly exerted via increased bone resorption, which seemed to be intensified after menopause. Based on the prevalence of osteoporosis and the low level of exposure, the observed effects, although slight, should be considered as early signals of potentially more adverse health effects. Key words: biochemical bone markers, bone mineral density, cadmium, lead, osteoporosis, women.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Akesson A,Bjellerup P,Lundh T,Lidfeldt J,Nerbrand C,Samsioe G,Skerfving S,Vahter Mdoi
10.1289/ehp.8763subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
830-4issue
6eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Humans living near industrial point emissions can experience high levels of exposures to air pollutants. Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate in Thailand is the location of the largest steel, oil refinery, and petrochemical factory complexes in Southeast Asia. Air pollution is an important source of oxidative stres...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0900907
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glycol ethers (GE) are widely used organic solvents. Despite the potential neurotoxicity of several families of organic solvents, little is known about the impact of GE on the neurodevelopment of infants and children. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the relation between urinary concentrations of GE metabolites i...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP39
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposures to high-dose ionizing radiation and high-dose rate ionizing radiation are established risk factors for childhood acute leukemia (AL). The risk of AL following exposure to lower doses due to natural background radiation (NBR) has yet to be conclusively determined. METHODS:AL cases diagnosed over 19...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP296
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are still many uncertainties regarding the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products. In Montréal, Québec, Canada, we carried out a hospital-based case-control study including 493 cases of intrauterine growth restriction defined as birth weight below t...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7003
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoke exposure in utero and during early postnatal development increases the incidence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) later in life, suggesting that a possible critical period of developmental sensitivity exists in the prenatal and early postnatal periods. OBJECTIVE:We investigated...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0800511
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides an overview of the problem of genetic susceptibility to childhood cancer with a particular emphasis on problems with ascertaining inherited cancer risk and the role of tumor-suppressor gene mutations in cancer predispositions. The association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood leukemi...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.98106801
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential danger of natural mercury accumulation in the diet of the Eskimo is evaluated through mercury levels determined in cord blood, placenta, maternal blood, hair, and milk of 38 maternal-infant pairs from Anchorage and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Although mercury levels are not discernably dangerous, trends t...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7615135
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide variety of behavioral methods has been employed with animals to assess visual changes induced by drugs or toxicants. The methods range from simple to complex, from broad screening devices to narrowly focused techniques. Their relative advantages for the environmental toxicologist are discussed. Manipulation of ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.782653
更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for balance and vestibular dysfunction in general populations, but previous studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of lead and cadmium on balance control in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the relationship between blood lead and ca...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1103643
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The types of reactive intermediates generated upon reduction of chromium(VI) by glutathione or hydrogen peroxide and the resulting DNA damage have been determined. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromium(V) complexes and the glutathione thiyl radical. When chromium(VI) was ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.919253
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naturally occurring radon is a relatively ubiquitous environmental carcinogen to which large numbers of people can be exposed over their lifetimes. The accumulation of radon in homes, therefore, has led to a large program to determine the effects of the densely ionizing alpha particles that are produced when radon dec...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.93101s373
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between blood pressure and blood lead was examined in two population samples. One of these consisted of 1137 men aged 49 to 65 years, the other of 865 men and 856 women aged 18 to 64 years. Neither population had any known important exposure to lead, and the 95% ranges of blood lead levels were 6 to 2...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8878119
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine disruption from environmental contaminants has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse outcomes. One concern about endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics is the potential for additive or synergistic (i.e., greater-than-additive) effects of mixtures. A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmen...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8195
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there has been a change in the human blood concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and five other fluorochemicals since 1974. Blood samples were collected in 1974 (serum) and 1989 (plasma) from volunteer participants of a l...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7544
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Traffic noise has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Potential modes of action are through stress and sleep disturbance, which may lead to endocrine dysregulation and overweight. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate the relationship between residential traffic and railway noise and a...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1409052
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association be...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed whether exposure of male rats to two estrogenic, environmental chemicals, 4-octylphenol (OP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) during gestation or during the first 21 days of postnatal life, affected testicular size or spermatogenesis in adulthood (90-95 days of age). Chemicals were administered via...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.951031136
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At n...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.761513
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simplified mathematical model which made use of Fick's laws of diffusion written in spherical coordinates was developed to describe the rate of diffusion of residual monomers from polymer resins. The properties of the monomer-polymer system which influenced the amount of monomer remaining in the polymer as a functio...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7617227
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are associated with cardiovascular disease in epidemiologic research. These associations may be mediated by direct effects of the metals on blood pressure (BP) elevation. Manganese is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and hypotension in occupational cohorts. OBJE...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1002805
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alveolar macrophages were treated with carbon blacks and adsorbates in order to evaluate the biologic effect of adsorbate, adsorbent and adsorbate-adsorbent complexes. Their capacity to phagocytize a subsequent challenge via the Fc-membrane receptor was quantified. Phagocytosis was suppressed in a dose-related manner ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.9086337
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Agricultural work and occupational pesticide use have been associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer. However, few prospective studies have investigated links to specific pesticides. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the lifetime use of individual pesticides an...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP6334
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants--ozone and particulate matter--and two toxic air pollutants--benzene and formaldehyde. These pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their prevale...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.00108s4625
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with massive exposure to tetrachloroethylene fumes presented with coma and severe pulmonary edema. Sequential blood gases, chest x-rays, and clinical findings showed dramatic improvement with conventional but aggressive management and the patient recovered completely. There was no evidence of permanent renal...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7721247
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that mines are exposed to other mutagenic factors in addition to radon daughter products. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagens in these mines. Mycotoxins were examined in 38 samples from mines and in throat swabs taken from 116 mine...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.101-1521117
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Phthalates are metabolized and eliminated in urine within hours after exposure. Several reports suggest that concentrations of phthalate metabolites in a spot urine sample can provide a reliable estimation of exposure to phthalates for up to several months. OBJECTIVES:We examined inter- and intraperson and ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1002231
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In previous attempts to model disposition of 1,3-butadiene in mice and rats, parameter values for 1,2-epoxybut-3-ene metabolism were optimized to reproduce elimination of this gas from closed chambers. However, each of these models predicted much higher concentrations of circulating epoxybutene than were subsequently ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.00108s5911
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Incorporating the influence of genetic variation in the risk assessment process is often considered, but no generalized approach exists. Many common human diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are complex in nature, as they are influenced variably by environmental, physiologic, and gene...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8870
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylcobalamin (methyl-B12) has been implicated in the biomethylation of the heavy metals (mercury, tin, platinum, gold, and thallium) as well as the metalloids (arsenic, selenium, tellurium and sulfur). In addition, methylcobalamin has been shown to react with lead, but the lead-alkyl product is unstable in water. D...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.771943
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
