Abstract:
:The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there has been a change in the human blood concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and five other fluorochemicals since 1974. Blood samples were collected in 1974 (serum) and 1989 (plasma) from volunteer participants of a large community health study. The study included a total of 356 samples (178 from each time period). These samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. The median 1974 and 1989 fluorochemical concentrations, respectively, were as follows: PFOS, 29.5 ng/mL vs. 34.7 ng/mL; PFOA, 2.3 ng/mL vs. 5.6 ng/mL; perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS), 1.6 ng/mL vs. 2.4 ng/mL; and N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (PFOSAA), less than the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ; 1.6 ng/mL, vs. 3.4 ng/mL). For N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (M570), perfluorooctanesulfonamide, and perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, median serum concentrations in both years were less than the LLOQ values (1.0, 1.0, and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively). Statistical analysis of 58 paired samples indicated that serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOSAA, PFOA, PFHS, and M570 were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in 1989 than in 1974. The data from 1989 were then compared with geometric mean fluorochemical concentrations of serum samples collected in 2001 from 108 American Red Cross adult blood donors from the same region. Except for M570, there were no statistically significant (p < 0.05) geometric mean fluorochemical concentration differences between the 1989 and 2001 samples. In conclusion, based on this study population, PFOS and other serum fluorochemical concentrations have increased between 1974 and 1989. Comparison with other regional data collected in 2001 did not suggest a continued increase in concentrations since 1989.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Olsen GW,Huang HY,Helzlsouer KJ,Hansen KJ,Butenhoff JL,Mandel JHdoi
10.1289/ehp.7544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
539-45issue
5eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
113pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::In the fall of 1976 Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, commonly referred to as RCRA. The objective of the statute is to create an orderly system for the generation, handling and disposal of hazardous waste by means of a comprehensive tracking and record keeping mechanism. RCRA does not regula...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834819
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In different weather conditions, constituents and concentrations of pollutants, personal exposure, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary. In this study we assessed the effects of four air pollutants on mortality in both cool and warm seasons in Hong Kong, a subtropical city. Daily counts of mortality, due t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109335
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemicals may induce cell proliferation directly as mitogens or indirectly via cell death with subsequent proliferation to replace lost cells. Chemically induced proliferation has been demonstrated to play a role in the carcinogenic process. A wide range of procedures and techniques are currently being used to define ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s559
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of rats to quartz (or various other particles) can lead to the development of lung tumors. At the moment, the mechanisms involved in particle-induced tumor formation are not clarified. However, it is suggested that inflammation, in conjunction with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an enhanc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51291
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of copper(I)-metallothionein is not well understood. The respiratory function of hemocyanin, a copper(I)-containing respiratory protein found in the hemolymph of many invertebrates, has been known a long time. However, the mechanism by which Cu(I) is inserted into the oxygen-binding site of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866593
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The industrial accident that occurred in the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 exposed a large population to substantial amounts of relatively pure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Extensive monitoring of soil levels and measurements of a limited number of human blood samples allowed classification of the exposed pop...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106625
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The available data on the influence of selenium on the toxicity of methylmercury and of methylmercury on selenium as a nutrient and toxic agent are reviewed. Selenium as selenite has a relative protective effect on acute and subacute toxicity of methylmercury in the rat and the quail. The protective mechanism is far f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.782557
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This working paper summarizes the known ultrastructural and biochemical effects of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic on subcellular organelle systems following in vivo administration. Documented metal-induced alterations in nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and lysosomal functions are discussed in relation to thei...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782237
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307541
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9337
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics that mimic the interaction of natural hormones and alter synthesis, transport, or metabolic pathways. The prospect of EDCs causing adverse health effects in humans and wildlife has led to the development of scientific and regulatory approaches for evaluat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5580
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between blood lead concentration and blood pressure is examined in a survey of 7371 men aged 40 to 59 from 24 British towns. After allowance for relevant confounding variables, including town of residence and alcohol consumption, there exists a very weak but statistically significant positive associat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.887823
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::At picomolar concentrations, lead activates protein kinase C (PKC). This activation has been implicated in the neurotoxicity of lead. No prior study has evaluated the association of PKC activity with neurobehavioral function in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PKC activity is associated with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110133
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been previously established that lung cancer could be induced in rats by exposure to radon and radon daughters. Although the oat-cell carcinomas that are common in humans were not found in rats, other histological types of lung carcinomas, especially squamous cell carcinomas and primitive lung adenocarcinomas, ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9410264
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traffic-related air pollution is emerging as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and impaired brain development. Individual differences in vulnerability to air pollution may involve the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the primary genetic risk factor for AD. OBJECTIVE:We analyzed whether th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2246
更新日期:2018-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes that are expressed during normal growth and developmental processes. Altered versions of normal proto-oncogenes have been implicated in the development of human neoplasia. In this report, we show the detection of activated proto-oncogenes in various spontaneous and chemically induced...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.877581
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Benzene is a common industrial chemical known to induce leukemia and other blood disorders, as well as aneuploidy, in both human blood cells and sperm at exposures > 10 ppm. Recent reports have identified health effects at exposure levels < 1 ppm, the permissible exposure limit (PEL; 8 hr) set by the U.S. Oc...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901531
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lysosomes of several varieties of cells such as the tubular proximal cell of the kidney and the alveolar macrophage have the ability to concentrate and precipitate several elements inhaled in water-soluble form, usually as phosphate. The mechanism involved is attributed to the high acid phosphatase activity of lys...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9297145
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and in drinking water has prompted significant public interest regarding potential adverse ecological effects and risks to human health. OBJECTIVES:The Environmental Health Summit held in North Carolina, 10-11 November 2008, explored the issues associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901532
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s2349
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study to determine the contribution of lead to blood from consumption of calcium supplements approximating the recommended daily intakes over a 6-month period. Subjects were males and females ages 21 to 47 years (geometric mean 32 years) with a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 2.5...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109283
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many epidemiologic reports associate ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) with human mortality and morbidity, particularly in people with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infection, asthma). Because much ambient PM is derived from combustion sources, we tested the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51053
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. OBJECTIVES:We used handwipes to estimate exposure to PBDEs in house dust among toddlers and examined sex, age, breast-feeding, race, and parents' education as predictors of serum PBDEs. METHODS:Eight...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104802
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An association between human illness and exposure to Pfiesteria was first observed among laboratory personnel working with the microorganism. In 1997, in the setting of Pfiesteria activity on the Pocomoke River in Maryland, difficulties with learning and memory were epidemiologically associated with high-level exposur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s5787
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are persistent idiopathic symptoms that drive patients to seek medical care. MUPS syndromes include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivities. When MUPS occur after an environmental exposure or injury, an adversarial social conte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4641
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Counties in the United States have been identified with chemical establishments whose primary manufacturing processes use vinyl chloride. Site-specific cancer mortality comparisons have revealed an excess of multiple myeloma in males associated with two of the manufacturing categories, synthetic rubber and synthetic f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.751179
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the large number of chemicals not yet tested for carcinogenicity but to which people are exposed, the limited number of human and animal cancer studies conducted each year, and the frequent need for a timely response, mechanistic data are playing an increasingly important role in carcinogen hazard ide...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5672
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of our previous and recent work on cadmium metabolism in relation to age and diet are presented. Experiments were performed on albino rats aged 1-26 weeks. In some experiments rats were given different foods (milk, meat, bread) instead of standard rat diet. Some animals received trisodium calcium salt of d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845451
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine and cigarette smoke extract show acute physiological effects: increasing tracheal pressure (PTR), pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), systemic blood pressure (PSYST), and left atrium pressure (PLA); and decreasing cardiac output (QAORTA) and blood flow to the left lower lobe (QLLL). In addition, cigarette smokin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8772283
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After several decades of commercial use, the flame-retardant chemicals polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are pervasive environmental contaminants and are detected in the human body. Decabrominated diphenyl ether (decaBDE) is currently the only PBDE in production in the United State...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11814
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00